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How should a healthcare provider educate a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications?
- A. Reduce sodium intake
- B. Increase physical activity
- C. Quit smoking
- D. Avoid alcohol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When educating a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications, reducing sodium intake is crucial as excess sodium can contribute to high blood pressure. While increasing physical activity is beneficial for overall health, it is not the primary lifestyle modification specifically targeted at hypertension. Quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol are important for general health but are not the first-line lifestyle modifications recommended for hypertension. Therefore, the correct answer is to reduce sodium intake.
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A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Use sterile gloves
- B. Lubricate the catheter with water
- C. Insert the catheter using clean technique
- D. Open the catheterization kit away from the body
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter is to open the catheterization kit away from the body. This is crucial to maintain the sterility of the kit and the procedure. Using sterile gloves (Choice A) is important, but it is not specific to this step. Lubricating the catheter with water (Choice B) is incorrect as it should be lubricated with a water-soluble lubricant. Inserting the catheter using clean technique (Choice C) is incorrect as indwelling urinary catheter insertion requires sterile technique to prevent infections.
While performing assessments on newborns in the nursery, which finding should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. A two-day old newborn with a respiratory rate of 70.
- B. A 16-hour old newborn who has not passed meconium yet.
- C. A two-day old newborn with a small amount of blood-tinged vaginal discharge.
- D. A 16-hour old newborn with a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A respiratory rate of 70 in a two-day old newborn is above the normal range and should be reported to the provider. This finding may indicate respiratory distress or another underlying issue that needs prompt attention. Choices B, C, and D are within normal limits for newborns and do not require immediate reporting to the provider.
A client is to start taking furosemide and is being taught about dietary modifications by a nurse. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to the client?
- A. Cabbage
- B. Bananas
- C. Carrots
- D. Potatoes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bananas. Bananas are high in potassium, which helps counter the potassium-depleting effects of furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, so including potassium-rich foods like bananas in the diet can help maintain a healthy potassium level. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address the potassium needs associated with furosemide therapy and are not the most appropriate recommendations in this context.
What are the key nursing interventions for a patient undergoing dialysis?
- A. Monitor fluid balance and administer heparin
- B. Monitor blood pressure and prevent clot formation
- C. Administer medications and monitor blood chemistry
- D. Provide dietary education and encourage protein intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor fluid balance and administer heparin. For a patient undergoing dialysis, it is crucial to monitor fluid balance to prevent fluid overload or depletion. Administering heparin helps prevent clot formation during the dialysis process. Option B is incorrect as while monitoring blood pressure is essential, preventing clot formation is more directly related to heparin administration. Option C is incorrect because administering medications and monitoring blood chemistry are not the primary interventions for dialysis. Option D is incorrect as while dietary education and protein intake are important for overall health, they are not the key nursing interventions specifically for a patient undergoing dialysis.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has myasthenia gravis (MG). Which of the following images should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is experiencing ptosis?
- A. Drooping eyelids
- B. Unequal pupils
- C. Facial twitching
- D. Facial droop
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Drooping eyelids.' Ptosis, characterized by drooping of the eyelid, is a classic symptom seen in myasthenia gravis. This occurs due to muscle weakness, particularly in the muscles that control eyelid movement. Choice B, 'Unequal pupils,' is not associated with ptosis and may indicate other neurological issues. Choice C, 'Facial twitching,' is not a typical sign of ptosis but could be related to other conditions like nerve irritation. Choice D, 'Facial droop,' is more commonly seen in conditions affecting the facial nerve, like Bell's palsy, and is not a characteristic feature of myasthenia gravis.