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How should twins who share a placenta and come from one fertilized ovum be identified?
- A. Dizygotic
- B. Trizygotic
- C. Genetically different
- D. Monozygotic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, originate from one fertilized ovum and share a placenta. Monozygotic twins carry the same genetic code. Dizygotic twins are the result of two separate ova being fertilized at the same time.
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What percent of first-trimester pregnancies spontaneously abort?
- A. 5% to 10%
- B. 10% to 15%
- C. 20% to 25%
- D. 40% to 50%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is estimated that 10% to 15% of first-trimester pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion.
The nurse is assessing the newborn and discovers a yellowing of the skin. What is true for jaundice that appears at birth?
- A. Within normal limits
- B. Pathologic
- C. A result of iron deficiency
- D. Indicating possible hepatitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice observed at birth is considered an indicator of a pathologic condition, erythroblastosis fetalis. It is considered abnormal.
A patient with a history of rheumatic heart disease is being admitted to the labor and delivery unit. To prevent further stress on the heart what should the nurse anticipate to be ordered?
- A. Oxygen administration
- B. Administering large amount of IV fluids
- C. Positioning the patient on her back
- D. Encouraging activity between contractions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen is administered to increase blood oxygen saturation and decrease the stress on the heart. IV fluid administration is kept to a minimum to prevent fluid overload. The patient would be positioned in a semi-Fowler's position to improve circulation. The patient should be encouraged to rest between contractions to conserve energy.
What condition is a possible cause of gestational hypertension?
- A. Too much salt
- B. A toxin
- C. Renal disease
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gestational hypertension may be caused by other existing conditions, such as renal disease.
A 14-year-old pregnant adolescent arrives at the hospital in early labor. The nurse should recognize that the adolescent is at a greater risk for which problem?
- A. Calcium deficit
- B. Cephalopelvic disproportion
- C. Bleeding tendency
- D. Low hemoglobin levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: There are several physiologic concerns for pregnant adolescents, including cephalopelvic disproportion.