Nokea
How would the nurse practitioner explain this condition to the patient?
- A. Hyperplasia is the abnormal decrease in cell and organ size and is a precursor to cancer.
- B. Hyperplasia is an abnormal increase in new cells and is reversible with the stimulus for cell growth removed.
- C. Hyperplasia is the change in appearance of the thyroid due to a chronic irritation and will reverse with the stimulus removed.
- D. Hyperplasia is a cancerous growth and will be removed surgically.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of new cells in an organ or tissue. This is due to increased mitotic stimulation from the additional cell division, and this, in turn, enlarges the tissue. Hyperplasia is reversible when the stimulus for cell growth is removed. Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of new cells, not a change in size or appearance. Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of new cells, which may or may not be cancerous growth.
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Which of the following constitute negative feedback loops? Select all that apply.
- A. Serum glucose levels
- B. Acid-base balance
- C. Temperature
- D. Blood clotting
- E. Labor onset
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: These mechanisms work by sensing deviations from a predetermined set point or range of adaptability and triggering a response aimed at offsetting the deviation. Blood pressure, acid-base balance, blood glucose level, body temperature, and fluid and electrolyte balance are examples of functions regulated through such compensatory mechanisms. Coagulation and labor onset are results of positive feedback loops.
What will be included in the nurses intervention?
- A. The use of progressive tensing and relaxing of muscles to release tension in each muscle group
- B. Using a positive self-image to increase and intensify physical exercise, which decreases stress
- C. The mindful use of a word, phrase, or visual, which allows oneself to be distracted and temporarily escape from stressful situations
- D. The use of music and humor to create a calm and relaxed demeanor, which allows escape from stressful situations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Guided imagery is the mindful use of a word, phrase, or visual image to distract oneself from distressing situations or consciously taking time to relax or reenergize. Guided imagery does not involve muscle relaxation, positive self-image, or humor.
To what type of stressor has this patient been exposed?
- A. Physiologic
- B. Psychosocial
- C. Physical
- D. Psychiatric
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physical stressors include cold, heat, and chemical agents; physiologic stressors include pain and fatigue. A chemical spill is neither a psychiatric nor a psychosocial phenomenon.
How should you best understand the concept of coping when attempting to meet this patients needs?
- A. Coping is a physiologic measure used to deal with change, and he will physically adapt.
- B. Coping is composed of the physiologic and psychological processes that people use to adapt to change.
- C. Coping is the human need for faith and hope, both of which create change.
- D. Coping is a social strategy that is used to deal with change and loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indicators of stress and the stress response include both subjective and objective measures. They are psychological, physiologic, or behavioral and reflect social behaviors and thought processes. The physiologic and psychological processes that people use to adapt to stress are the essence of the coping process. Coping is both a physiologic and psychological process used to adapt to change.
What positive outcome of providing the patient with information should the nurse expect?
- A. Increased concentration
- B. Decreased depression levels
- C. Sharing of personal details
- D. Building interdependent relationships
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Giving patients information also reduces the emotional response so that they can concentrate and solve problems more effectively. Educating the patient does not decrease depression levels or build interpersonal relationships. Educating the patient does not mean sharing of personal details.