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Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), the biologic marker on which pregnancy tests are based, can be detected in the BLOOD as early as which nber of DAYS after the last menstrual period?
- A. 15
- B. 10
- C. 20
- D. 5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can be detected in the blood as early as 10 days after the last menstrual period. This hormone is produced by the placenta shortly after the embryo attaches to the uterine lining. Pregnancy tests detect HCG levels to determine pregnancy status, and the hormone can be detected earlier in the blood compared to urine tests. Detecting HCG in the blood at around 10 days post ovulation is often the earliest point when a blood test can confirm pregnancy.
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The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment. The ethical principle that describes a prospective subject's freedom to choose whether or not to participate in the research study is what?
- A. Justice
- B. Confidentiality
- C. Beneficence
- D. Respect for persons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respect for persons is an ethical principle that emphasizes the autonomy and freedom of individuals to make their own decisions regarding participation in research studies. In the context of human subjects research, this principle requires that individuals have the right to choose whether or not to participate in a study, without any coercion or manipulation. The principle of respect for persons also includes the concept of informed consent, where individuals must be provided with all necessary information about the study in order to make an informed decision about participation. Overall, respecting the autonomy and choices of individuals is a fundamental aspect of ethical research conduct.
During a support group meeting, Nurse Donato, in a teasing manner, has made several provocative remarks about your appearance and behavior as a group leader. Select your MOST appropriate response.
- A. "Donato, see me after this meeting"
- B. "Donato, you are excused from the group"
- C. "What do you think Donato is trying to tell us?"
- D. "Donato, what are you saying is inappropriate"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choosing option D, "Donato, what you are saying is inappropriate," is the most appropriate response in this situation. It directly addresses Nurse Donato's behavior without escalating the situation or being overly confrontational. By calmly pointing out that the remarks are inappropriate, you are setting a boundary and letting Nurse Donato know that such behavior is not acceptable in a professional setting. This response also signals to the rest of the group that you are aware of the inappropriate comments and are taking action to address them. It is important to address such behavior professionally and assertively to maintain a respectful and supportive environment during the support group meeting.
Nurse Emma advised the patient to quit smoking because nicotine wil1 contribute to _______.
- A. low birth weight infant
- B. ectopic tubal, pregnancy
- C. congenital anomalies
- D. large for gestation age infants
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes, is known to have harmful effects on pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to numerous complications, one of which is the increased risk of delivering a low birth weight infant. Low birth weight infants are born weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kilograms) and are at a higher risk of various health issues, developmental delays, and even mortality. Therefore, Nurse Emma advised the patient to quit smoking to reduce the risk of having a low birth weight infant.
Which of these measures will help stabilize mentally the parents of Nurse Lailanie?
- A. Establish a regular routine
- B. Repaint or buy a new furniture
- C. Move to small apartment
- D. Correct bad behaviors gently
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Establishing a regular routine can be very helpful in stabilizing the mental state of parents. Consistency and structure in day-to-day activities can provide a sense of predictability and control, which can help reduce anxiety and stress. By having a routine, the parents can feel more organized, efficient, and better equipped to manage their responsibilities and emotions. Additionally, a regular routine can promote better sleep patterns, healthier habits, and overall well-being. This measure is practical, achievable, and can have positive effects on the mental stability of Nurse Lailanie's parents.
A postpartum client exhibits signs of postpartum psychosis, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized behavior. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Administering antipsychotic medication as ordered
- B. Encouraging the client to participate in group therapy sessions
- C. Providing education on coping skills and stress management
- D. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a postpartum client exhibits signs of postpartum psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized behavior, it is crucial to involve the healthcare provider immediately. Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency that requires prompt assessment and intervention by mental health professionals. The healthcare provider can determine the appropriate course of action, which may include hospitalization, medication management, and specialized psychiatric care. Delaying notification can lead to serious consequences for both the client and her infant, so timely intervention is essential in managing postpartum psychosis.