Nokea
Hyperkalaemia:
- A. Is exacerbated by acidosis
- B. Is a finding in Conn's syndrome
- C. ECG findings include peaked tall T-waves
- D. Should be treated if serum K+ > 6mmol/l
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acidosis exacerbates hyperkalaemia by causing a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space, worsening the condition.
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The healthcare provider prescribes an IV solution of regular insulin (Hummulin-R) 100 units in 250 ml of 0.45% saline to infuse at 12 units/hour. The nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many ml/hour?
- A. 30
- B. 3
- C. 40
- D. 15
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the infusion rate in ml/hour, the nurse needs to divide the prescribed units per hour by the concentration of insulin. 12 units/hour ÷ (100 units/250 ml) = 30 ml/hour.
What associated manifestation might the nurse occasionally find in a child diagnosed with Wilms tumor?
- A. Atrial fibrillation
- B. Hypertension
- C. Endocarditis
- D. Hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilms tumor, due to its location in the kidney, can be associated with secondary hypertension.
Common presenting features of myotonic dystrophy are:
- A. Floppy infant
- B. Corneal opacities
- C. Frontal baldness
- D. Macro-orchidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macro-orchidism: Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness and myotonia. Macro-orchidism (enlarged testes) is a distinctive feature, especially in male patients.
Most common autoimmune antibody - mediated encephalopathy is
- A. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome
- B. Anti-voltage gated potassium channel antibody syndrome
- C. Anti-AMPAR antibody syndrome
- D. Anti-Glycine receptor antibody syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome is the most common autoimmune antibody-mediated encephalopathy.
Methaemoglobinaemia may occur as a result of ingestion or exposure to:
- A. Paraquat
- B. Methylene blue
- C. Potassium permanganate
- D. Nitrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nitrates, when ingested, can lead to methaemoglobinaemia by converting hemoglobin to methemoglobin, impairing oxygen delivery.