Nokea
Hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for:
- A. Control of hunger
- B. Temperature control
- C. Maintaining osmolarity of extracellular fluid
- D. Secretion of thyrotrophin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating hunger through various nuclei and hormonal signals.
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Nurse Roy is administering total parental nutrition (TPN) through a peripheral I.V. line to a school-age child. What’s the smallest amount of glucose that’s considered safe and not caustic to small veins, while also providing adequate TPN?
- A. 5% glucose
- B. 10% glucose
- C. 15% glucose
- D. 17% glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 10% glucose solution is safe for peripheral veins and provides adequate nutrition without causing irritation or damage.
Recurrent pneumonia is defined in children as having a frequency of episodes more than or equal to
- A. 2 episodes in 6 months
- B. 2 episodes in one year
- C. 3 episodes ever without radiographic clearance
- D. 4 episodes ever with radiographic clearance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recurrent pneumonia in children is defined as having 2 or more episodes in 6 months, indicating a pattern of frequent infections.
The clinic nurse reviews the record of a child just seen by the health care provider and diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis. The nurse expects to note documentation of which clinical manifestation specifically found in this disorder?
- A. Pallor
- B. Hyperactivity
- C. Exercise intolerance
- D. Gastrointestinal disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise intolerance is a common clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis due to the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood during increased physical activity.
Tall (>25 mm), narrow, and spiked P waves are seen in
- A. Ebstein anomaly
- B. ventricular septal defect
- C. patent ductus arteriosus
- D. severe mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe mitral stenosis can cause tall, narrow, and spiked P waves due to left atrial enlargement.
Which intervention should the nurse plan to decrease cardiac demands in an infant with congestive heart disease (CHD)?
- A. Organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep.
- B. Allow the infant to sleep through feedings during the night.
- C. Wait for the infant to cry to show definite signs of hunger.
- D. Discourage parents from rocking the infant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The infant requires rest and conservation of energy for feeding. Every effort is made to organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted periods of sleep. Whenever possible, parents are encouraged to stay with their infant to provide the holding, rocking, and cuddling that help children sleep more soundly. To minimize disturbing the infant, changing bed linens and complete bathing are done only when necessary. Feeding is planned to accommodate the infant’s sleep and wake patterns. The child is fed at the first sign of hunger, such as when sucking on fists, rather than waiting until he or she cries for a bottle because the stress of crying exhausts the limited energy supply. Because infants with CHD tire easily and may sleep through feedings, smaller feedings every 3 hours may be helpful.