Nokea
Hypovolemia refers to a condition resulting from:
- A. dehydration caused by loss of intracellular and extracellular fluids
- B. water losses that are greater than electrolyte losses
- C. excessive loss of equal proportions of extracellular fluid and electrolytes
- D. excessive loss of electrolytes in greater proportions than the loss of fluids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia is the excessive loss of both extracellular fluid and electrolytes in equal proportions, reducing blood volume.
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Which of the following strengths of heparin could you use for flushing a PRN lock?
- A. 1,000 units/mL
- B. 10 units/mL
- C. 5,000 units/mL
- D. 10,000 units/mL
- E. 100 units/mL
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Heparin for flushing PRN locks is typically 10 or 100 units/mL to prevent clotting without causing systemic anticoagulation.
The minimum length of time that is safe for administration of IV push medication is:
- A. 1 hour
- B. 30 seconds
- C. 5 minutes
- D. the amount of time designated by the medication manufacturer
- E. 1 minute per 1 milligram
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The safe administration time for IV push medications is specified by the manufacturer to prevent complications like speed shock.
If set up correctly, through which of the following could you directly administer an intermittent infusion of medication?
- A. Secondary IVPB administration set
- B. PRN lock
- C. Primary IV administration set
- D. Y-set blood tubing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A secondary IVPB administration set is designed for intermittent infusions, such as piggyback medications.
What are the signs and symptoms of phlebitis?
- A. Site cool to touch
- B. Edema at the site
- C. Erythema at the site
- D. Blanching or pallor of skin around site
- E. Vein feels like a hard cord when palpated
- F. Solution leakage at site
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Phlebitis is characterized by inflammation, causing edema, erythema, and a hard, cord-like vein at the site.
Which veins are used during PICC placement?
- A. Basilic vein
- B. Jugular vein
- C. Carotid vein
- D. Brachial vein
- E. Cephalic vein
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: PICC lines are placed in peripheral veins like the basilic, brachial, or cephalic veins, advancing to the superior vena cava.