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If a 10 mg morphine produces a greater analgesic response than can achieved by ibuprofen at any dose, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. Morphine is less efficacious than is ibuprofen
- B. Morphine is less potent than is ibuprofen
- C. Morphine is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist
- D. Morphine is a better pain reliever than Ibuprofen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine's greater maximal effect suggests higher efficacy, making it a better choice for pain relief, though potency isn't compared here.
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Charlie is a 65-year-old male who has been diagnosed with hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Doxazosin has been chosen to treat his hypertension because it:
- A. Increases peripheral vasoconstriction
- B. Decreases detrusor muscle contractility
- C. Lowers supine blood pressure more than standing pressure
- D. Relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder neck
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Doxazosin, an alpha-1 blocker, relaxes bladder neck smooth muscle, aiding BPH, and lowers blood pressure.
The following drug is not secreted in bile
- A. Penicillin
- B. Phenolphthalein
- C. Novobiocin
- D. Erythromycin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Penicillin is excreted via kidneys; others are secreted in bile.
Which mode of action has insulin in fatty cells?
- A. Decrease glycerol synthesis
- B. Increase synthesis of triglycerides
- C. Decrease fatty acid synthesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin promotes triglyceride synthesis in fat cells by enhancing glucose uptake and lipogenesis.
A nurse is caring for a child on the pediatric unit. A drug is ordered for the child, but no pediatric dose is listed for the drug. To make sure that the right dose has been ordered, what will the nurse use to calculate the correct dose?
- A. Surface area
- B. Height
- C. Birth date
- D. Adult dosage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pediatric doses are often calculated using body surface area for accuracy, especially when no specific pediatric dose is provided.
The first step in the prescribing process according to the World Health Organization is:
- A. Choosing the treatment
- B. Educating the patient about the medication
- C. Diagnosing the patient's problem
- D. Starting the treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The WHO prescribing process begins with diagnosing the problem to ensure treatment aligns with the condition, followed by choosing therapy and education.