Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

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If a nurse practicing in a mental health agency could only belong to one professional organization, what criteria could be used to select the organization with the biggest impact?

  • A. The American Nurses Association has a strong voice representing the nation's entire RN population.
  • B. Specialty organizations such as the American Psychiatric Nurses Association lobby for higher education requirements for nurses.
  • C. State nursing associations have limited power because they can lobby only state representatives.
  • D. Professional organizations such as The American Association for the History of Nursing (AAHN) record the history of mental health nursing.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Specialty organizations such as the American Psychiatric Nurses Association lobby for higher education requirements for nurses.

Rationale:
1. Specialty organizations like the American Psychiatric Nurses Association focus specifically on mental health nursing, ensuring targeted advocacy and support.
2. Lobbying for higher education requirements demonstrates a commitment to advancing the profession and improving the quality of care.
3. Higher education requirements can lead to better outcomes for patients and enhance the credibility and expertise of mental health nurses.

Summary:
A: The American Nurses Association may have a broad reach, but it may not prioritize mental health nursing specifically.
C: State nursing associations may have limitations in lobbying power, focusing more on state-level issues.
D: Professional organizations like AAHN, while valuable for preserving history, may not actively advocate for current professional development and standards.

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When should a follow-up letter be written to a recruiter?

  • A. Before the interview to thank him or her for granting you the interview
  • B. Approximately 2 weeks after you did not get the job to inquire
  • C. A few days after the interview
  • D. When you are sure you got the position
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because following up a few days after the interview shows professionalism and eagerness. It allows you to express gratitude, reiterate your interest, and inquire about the next steps. This timing is crucial as it keeps you fresh in the recruiter's mind without being too pushy.

Choice A is incorrect because it is more appropriate to send a thank-you letter after the interview, not before. Choice B is incorrect as waiting 2 weeks after not getting the job may be too late for effective follow-up. Choice D is incorrect because you should not assume you got the position without confirmation.

The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n) design.

  • A. experimental
  • B. quasi-experimental
  • C. survey
  • D. meta-analysis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: experimental design. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates one variable (aromatherapy vs. acupuncture) to observe its effect on another variable (stress). Without a control group, it is impossible to establish a baseline for comparison. A control group is essential to isolate the effects of the treatment from other variables. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, surveys are used to gather data rather than test hypotheses, and meta-analyses involve combining and analyzing results from multiple studies.

In deciding whether to say no to a request that involves a time commitment, the professional nurse must consider:

  • A. the cost-benefit ratio.
  • B. the time commitment of coworkers.
  • C. ways to buffer saying no.
  • D. personal preference.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Cost-benefit ratio involves weighing the benefits of saying yes against the costs of the time commitment.
2. Professional nurses must consider the impact on patient care, workload, and personal well-being.
3. By evaluating the cost-benefit ratio, nurses can make informed decisions aligned with professional responsibilities and ethical standards.

Summary:
Choice A is correct because it emphasizes a systematic approach to decision-making based on evaluating the overall impact of the time commitment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the essential consideration of weighing costs and benefits in decision-making.

According to Kramer, nurses in the shock phase should ask themselves:

  • A. "How can I fit in with other staff?"
  • B. "Why can't I perform as everyone expects?"
  • C. "What changes can I make to make me feel good about the choice to become a nurse?"
  • D. "How can I get the rest of the staff to change?"
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the shock phase, nurses should focus on self-reflection and personal growth to cope effectively with the challenges. Asking what changes they can make to feel good about their career choice promotes self-awareness and resilience. Choices A and D focus on external factors, which may not address personal development. Choice B reflects a self-critical mindset, which can be detrimental to emotional well-being during the shock phase.

The nurse prepares to apply sterile gloves needed for a procedure. After introducing self and verifying patient information, the nurse performs hand hygiene. The nurse should open the outer package and then perform steps in which order. Put a comma and space between each answer choice (e.g., a, b, c, d).

  • A. Open inner package, taking care not to touch inner surface.
  • B. Put the glove on the nondominant hand using the sterile gloved hand.
  • C. Put glove on dominant hand by grasping folded cuff edge, touching only inside of cuff.
  • D. Adjust each glove carefully by sliding finders under the cuff.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order is to first open the outer package to access the inner package containing the gloves. This ensures that the gloves remain sterile until they are needed. Opening the inner package first would expose the gloves to potential contamination. Putting on the gloves should be done after opening the inner package, starting with the nondominant hand to prevent contamination. Adjusting the gloves carefully should be the final step after both gloves are on to ensure a proper fit. Therefore, choice A is correct as it establishes the correct sequence for maintaining sterility throughout the process.

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