Basic Nursing Care Needs of the Patient

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If a nursing assistant encourages a resident to play cards with friends, what kind of wellness is she promoting?

  • A. Physical wellness
  • B. Social wellness
  • C. Emotional wellness
  • D. Intellectual wellness
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Social wellness. By encouraging the resident to play cards with friends, the nursing assistant is promoting social wellness. Social wellness focuses on building and maintaining healthy relationships and connections with others. Playing cards with friends fosters social interaction, communication, and a sense of belonging, which are all essential aspects of social wellness. Physical wellness (A) pertains to the physical health and fitness of an individual. Emotional wellness (C) relates to managing emotions and mental health. Intellectual wellness (D) involves stimulating the mind through learning and problem-solving. However, in this scenario, the main focus is on promoting social connections and relationships, making social wellness the most appropriate choice.

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Which of the following medication types are used to decrease the workload of the heart by blocking sympathetic stimulation of receptors that work on the SA node and myocardial cells, thus decreasing the force of myocardial contraction and directly reducing a patient's heart rate?

  • A. Alpha-adrenergic agents
  • B. Beta-blockers
  • C. Calcium-channel blockers
  • D. Sodium-channel blockers
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers work by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors on the SA node and myocardial cells, leading to decreased sympathetic stimulation. This decreases the heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction, thus reducing the workload of the heart. Alpha-adrenergic agents (A) work differently by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors. Calcium-channel blockers (C) block calcium channels in the heart, affecting the contractility of the heart but not specifically targeting sympathetic stimulation. Sodium-channel blockers (D) target sodium channels in the heart but do not directly reduce the workload of the heart by blocking sympathetic stimulation.

A ______ lists the tasks that nursing assistants are permitted to perform as allowed by state or federal law.

  • A. Procedure manual
  • B. Cover letter
  • C. Scope of practice
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Scope of practice. The scope of practice defines the roles, responsibilities, and tasks that nursing assistants are legally allowed to perform. It is set by state or federal laws to ensure patient safety and quality care. A procedure manual (A) typically outlines specific steps for performing tasks but does not specify legal limitations. A cover letter (B) is a document used in job applications and is not related to defining nursing assistant tasks. Choice D is not provided.

A person is likely to have stools that are hard and difficult to pass when:

  • A. They eat natural foods that have not been processed
  • B. They drink fluids that are heavy in consistency
  • C. They eat a lot of carbohydrates
  • D. When they do not answer the call of nature in time
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Delaying bowel movements can lead to water absorption in the colon, resulting in hard stools.

Cervical spine injury:

  • A. May be first manifested by neurologic deficit after movement of the neck
  • B. Is not present if the patient has normal range of motion
  • C. Can be detected safely by careful flexion and extension of the neck
  • D. Can be excluded by a crosstable lateral x-ray of the c-spine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a cervical spine injury can present with delayed neurologic deficits after neck movement due to spinal cord compression. This highlights the importance of assessing neurologic function in addition to physical examination findings. Choices B and C are incorrect because normal range of motion and physical examination maneuvers may not rule out a cervical spine injury. Choice D is incorrect as a crosstable lateral x-ray may miss certain types of cervical spine injuries, making it insufficient to exclude them definitively.

Under what condition is wearing artificial nails in a long-term care facility acceptable?

  • A. They may be worn as long as the nails are clean, short, and filed.
  • B. They should not be worn in care facilities.
  • C. They should be worn only at special events at facilities.
  • D. They may be worn as long as hands are washed frequently.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because wearing artificial nails in a long-term care facility can increase the risk of infection transmission to vulnerable residents. Even if the nails are clean and hands are washed frequently (options A and D), artificial nails harbor more bacteria than natural nails, posing a greater risk in healthcare settings. Limiting their use to special events (option C) does not address the potential risks associated with their use in such facilities. Therefore, the most appropriate and safest approach is to avoid wearing artificial nails altogether in care facilities to prioritize resident safety and infection control.