Nokea
If a patient is experiencing an intensified sympathetic response, listening to the bowel sounds during auscultation would most likely reveal:
- A. An increase in both the rate and intensity of the bowel sounds
- B. An increase in the rate of bowel sounds accompanied by a decrease in intensity
- C. A decrease in both the rate and intensity of the bowel sounds
- D. Bowel sounds with a normal rate and intensity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sympathetic activation inhibits GI motility (fight-or-flight response), reducing bowel sound rate and intensity.
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Exocrine portion of pancreas show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Formed of pure serous acini with centroacinar cells
- B. Its duct system is rich in striated ducts
- C. Secretion of bicarbonate is stimulated by secretin hormone.
- D. Secretion of enzymes is stimulated by cholecystokinin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreatic duct system has intercalated ducts, not striated ducts, which are characteristic of salivary glands.
The function of the parietal cells of the stomach is to:
- A. Secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion
- B. Secrete mucus for lubrication
- C. Secrete the hormone gastrin
- D. Produce intrinsic factor required for absorption of vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption, and hydrochloric acid, not the other functions listed.
Concerning Circumvallate papilla the following is true EXCEPT:
- A. Most numerous type of the lingual papillae.
- B. Its sides carry about 250 taste buds.
- C. Has underlying Von Ebner's glands.
- D. Surrounded by circular groove.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Circumvallate papillae are the least numerous (about 8-12 in humans), not the most numerous, and they carry many taste buds with Von Ebner's glands.
Which substance of saliva destroy the harmful bacteria-
- A. Cerumin
- B. Chyme
- C. Lysozyme
- D. Secretin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysozyme in saliva has antibacterial properties, breaking down bacterial cell walls.
Which vitamin is produced by intestinal bacteria?
- A. B12
- B. A
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intestinal bacteria synthesize vitamin B12, which is absorbed in the ileum with intrinsic factor. Vitamins A, C, and D are not produced by gut bacteria.