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If a patient's blood pH is 7.33, the patient is in:
- A. alkalosis
- B. acidosis
- C. hypovolemic shock
- D. a state of dehydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pH of 7.33 is below the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating acidosis.
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The nurse is completing an I&O sheet for the patient. Which will the nurse include in the output?
- A. Sweat
- B. Peritoneal fluid
- C. Liquid stool
- D. Emesis
- E. Interstitial fluid
- F. Urine
Correct Answer: C,D,F
Rationale: Liquid stool, emesis, and urine are measurable outputs included in an I&O sheet.
When teaching a patient about ways to avoid fluid overload, the nurse explains it is best to eat a diet that is low in:
- A. potassium
- B. calcium
- C. magnesium
- D. sodium
- E. phosphorus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low-sodium diet helps prevent fluid retention, reducing the risk of fluid overload.
Your patient is admitted with alkalosis. Which laboratory finding would you expect?
- A. pH of 7.30
- B. pH of 7.48
- C. Decreased bicarbonate level
- D. Elevated carbon dioxide level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A pH of 7.48 indicates alkalosis, as it is above the normal range of 7.35-7.45.
Which is true of respiratory acidosis?
- A. The patient is hyperventilating
- B. The patient is hypoventilating
- C. This causes the pH to elevate above 7.45
- D. This causes the pH to drop below 7.35
- F. Hypokalemia
- G. Hyperchloremia
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation, causing CO2 retention and a pH drop below 7.35.
You will expect to find which of the following during the skin assessment of a patient with dehydration?
- A. Redness
- B. Dryness
- C. Dependent edema
- D. Blisters
- E. Prolonged skin tenting
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Dryness and prolonged skin tenting are classic signs of dehydration due to reduced skin moisture and elasticity.