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Which of the following situations may result in a low cardiac output and low cardiac index? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Exercise
- B. Hypovolemia
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Shock
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly. Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, can lead to low cardiac output and cardiac index because the heart has less blood to pump, resulting in reduced circulation. Exercise typically increases cardiac output to meet increased demand. Myocardial infarction may reduce cardiac output temporarily, but not consistently. Shock, a condition where the body's tissues do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, can lead to low cardiac output, making it a possible cause.
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Which of the following statements about comfort care is aacbcirubr.caotme/?te st
- A. Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment are distinctly different in the eyes of the legal community.
- B. Each procedure should be evaluated for its effect on the patient’s comfort before being implemented.
- C. Only the patient can determine what constitutes comfo rt care for him or her.
- D. Withdrawing life-sustaining treatments is considered e uthanasia in most states.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Comfort care is focused on providing relief from suffering and improving quality of life.
Step 2: Patient-centered care emphasizes the individual's preferences and values.
Step 3: Patient autonomy is a fundamental principle in healthcare decision-making.
Step 4: Patients have the right to determine what constitutes comfort care for themselves.
Step 5: Therefore, statement C is correct as it aligns with the patient's autonomy and individualized care approach.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because legal distinctions between withholding and withdrawing treatment may vary.
- Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on evaluating procedures rather than the patient's preferences.
- Choice D is incorrect as withdrawing life-sustaining treatments is not universally considered euthanasia.
An ICU nurse has provided excellent care for a 6-year-old girl who had been admitted to the ICU for a head injury. The nurse was attentive not only to the needs of the patient but also went out of her way to care for the needs of the girls family. According to research, which of the following forms of recognition would the nurse value the most?
- A. A card from the girls family
- B. A plaque from the ICU physicians naming her as Nurse of the Year
- C. A letter of commendation from the hospitals administration
- D. A bouquet of flowers from her supervisor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A: A card from the girl's family. The nurse would value this form of recognition the most because it directly reflects the impact of her care on the patient and her family. It is a personal, heartfelt gesture that acknowledges the nurse's compassion and dedication. A card from the family shows genuine appreciation and gratitude for the nurse's efforts, making it the most meaningful form of recognition.
Summary:
- Choice B: A plaque from the ICU physicians could be seen as a formal recognition but lacks the personal touch and direct impact of the nurse's care on the patient and family.
- Choice C: A letter of commendation from the hospital's administration is a professional acknowledgment but may not capture the emotional connection and impact that the nurse had on the family.
- Choice D: A bouquet of flowers from her supervisor is a nice gesture but does not necessarily reflect the specific impact of the nurse's care on the patient and family.
The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice uses what framework to guide critical care nursing practice?
- A. Evidence-based practice
- B. Healthy work environment
- C. National Patient Safety Goals
- D. Nursing process
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Evidence-based practice. The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice emphasize the use of evidence-based practice to guide critical care nursing. This framework ensures that nursing interventions are based on the best available evidence, leading to improved patient outcomes. Healthy work environment (B) and National Patient Safety Goals (C) are important but not specific frameworks for critical care nursing. The nursing process (D) is a systematic approach to delivering patient care but is not the primary guiding framework in critical care nursing practice.
A family of a young girl who has been diagnosed with leukemia has travelled 12 hours by car to admit her to the ICU and be with her during her treatment. Which aspect of the critical care family assistance program would most likely be needed by this family initially?
- A. Educational materials
- B. Weekly group family information sessions
- C. Hospitality programs
- D. Pet therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hospitality programs. Given the family's long journey and the stressful situation of having a child diagnosed with leukemia, their immediate need would likely be for accommodations and support services provided by hospitality programs, such as lodging, meals, transportation assistance, and emotional support. This would help alleviate the burden of their travel and allow them to focus on being with their daughter in the ICU.
Incorrect answers:
A: Educational materials - While education is crucial for families, it may not be the most immediate need in this situation.
B: Weekly group family information sessions - These sessions may be helpful for support and information-sharing, but they are not as urgent as addressing the family's immediate needs.
D: Pet therapy - While pet therapy can provide emotional support, it may not be the most pressing need for this family at the moment.
When assessing an older patient admitted to the emergency department (ED) with a broken arm and facial bruises, the nurse observes several additional bruises in various stages of healing. Which statement or question by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Do you feel safe in your home?
- B. You should not return to your home.
- C. Would you like to see a social worker?
- D. I need to report my concerns to the police.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Do you feel safe in your home?" This question is most appropriate because it directly addresses the potential issue of elder abuse without assuming or accusing the patient. It allows the patient to disclose any safety concerns and initiates a conversation about their well-being. Options B and D are inappropriate as they are accusatory and may escalate the situation. Option C is not as direct and may not effectively address the safety concerns of the patient.