Nokea
If bone is splintered or crushed in several places it is termed as
- A. Complex fracture
- B. Greenstick fracture
- C. Impacted fracture
- D. Comminuted fracture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Comminuted fracture. This type of fracture occurs when the bone is splintered or crushed in several places, leading to multiple bone fragments. This term accurately describes the situation where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
A: Complex fracture refers to a fracture that involves multiple breaks in a bone, but not necessarily into multiple small fragments.
B: Greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone is bent but not completely broken.
C: Impacted fracture occurs when the broken ends of the bone are driven into each other, typically seen in a fall with a lot of force, but it does not involve multiple bone fragments like in a comminuted fracture.
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The nurse is providing teaching by telephone to a patient who is scheduled for a pelvic examination and Pap test next week. The nurse instructs the patient that she should
- A. not have sexual intercourse the day before the Pap test.
- B. shower, but not take a tub bath, before the examination.
- C. avoid douching for at least 24 hours before the examination.
- D. schedule to have the Pap test just after her menstrual period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Douching can alter the vaginal pH and flora, affecting the accuracy of Pap test results. By avoiding douching for at least 24 hours before the exam, the patient ensures more accurate results.
A: Not having sexual intercourse the day before the Pap test is not necessary for test accuracy.
B: Showering is recommended for hygiene but taking a tub bath does not impact the test.
D: Scheduling the test just after the menstrual period may be more comfortable for the patient, but it does not affect the accuracy of the test.
Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone?
- A. GnRH
- B. LH
- C. Inhibin
- D. DHT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone by binding to its receptor on the Leydig cells, triggering the production and release of testosterone. GnRH (choice A) stimulates the release of LH, not testosterone directly. Inhibin (choice C) inhibits FSH secretion but does not directly stimulate testosterone production. DHT (choice D) is a metabolite of testosterone and does not stimulate Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
Middle layer of uterus is called:
- A. Endometrium
- B. Ectometrium
- C. Myometrium
- D. Perimetrium.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Myometrium. The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterus composed of smooth muscle tissue responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth. The endometrium (A) is the innermost layer responsible for menstruation and implantation. Ectometrium (B) is not a correct term. Perimetrium (D) is the outermost layer of the uterus. Therefore, C is the correct choice as it accurately represents the middle layer of the uterus.
Regarding male reproductive system
- A. Hypospodiasis is caused by the failure of urethral groove to close
- B. The connection between tunica vaginalis and abdominal cavity close after the descendant of testis
- C. SRY protein causes the Wolffian duct to regress
- D. Ampulla of fallopian tube is the commonest site for fertilization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the SRY protein is responsible for causing the regression of the Wolffian duct in male development. This process leads to the formation of male reproductive structures such as the vas deferens. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Hypospadias is actually caused by the incomplete closure of the urethral groove during development.
B: The connection between the tunica vaginalis and the abdominal cavity closes after the descent of the testis, not before.
D: The ampulla of the fallopian tube is not involved in male reproduction; it is actually the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system.
Which hormone promotes the final step of spermatogenesis?
- A. Relaxin
- B. Testosterone
- C. Inhibin
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Testosterone. Testosterone promotes the final step of spermatogenesis, which is the maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa. Testosterone is essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
Choice A, Relaxin, is not involved in spermatogenesis. Choice C, Inhibin, regulates FSH secretion but does not directly promote the final step of spermatogenesis. Choice D, Estrogen, is a female sex hormone and not directly involved in spermatogenesis.