Nokea
If the needs of the infant are met in a loving, consistent manner, the infant will develop a sense of:
- A. Trust
- B. Love
- C. Independence
- D. Responsibility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust. According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, when infants receive consistent and loving care, they develop trust. This trust forms the basis of the first stage of psychosocial development, known as Trust vs. Mistrust. Trust is essential for healthy social and emotional development. Choice B, Love, is incorrect as it is more of an emotion than a developmental stage. Choice C, Independence, typically occurs later in development during Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage. Choice D, Responsibility, is also not the correct answer as it relates more to later stages of development where individuals develop a sense of duty and obligation.
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A 12-year-old child is injured in a bicycle accident. When considering the possibility of renal trauma, the nurse should consider what factor?
- A. Flank pain rarely occurs in children with renal injuries.
- B. Few nonpenetrating injuries cause renal trauma in children.
- C. Kidneys are immobile, well protected, and rarely injured in children.
- D. The amount of hematuria is not a reliable indicator of the seriousness of renal injury.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The amount of hematuria is not a reliable indicator of the severity of renal trauma, as even minor injuries can cause significant bleeding, while severe injuries may result in little or no visible blood. Renal trauma should be evaluated through imaging and clinical assessment.
The parent of a child hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis asks the nurse why blood pressure readings are being taken so often. What knowledge should influence the nurse's reply?
- A. The antibiotic therapy contributes to labile blood pressure values.
- B. Hypotension leading to sudden shock can develop at any time.
- C. Acute hypertension is a concern that requires monitoring.
- D. Blood pressure fluctuations indicate that the condition has become chronic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute hypertension is a common complication of acute glomerulonephritis, requiring frequent monitoring to prevent complications such as encephalopathy or heart failure. Blood pressure fluctuations can occur but are not necessarily indicative of chronic disease.
The parent of a 1-month-old infant voices concern about the infant's respirations. The parent states the respirations are rapid and irregular. Which information should the nurse provide?
- A. The normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is between 20 and 30 breaths per minute.
- B. The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause.
- C. An infant at this age should have regular respirations.
- D. The irregularity of the infant's respirations is concerning; I will notify the health care provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Irregular respirations with periodic pauses are normal in a 1-month-old infant. Choice A is incorrect because the normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is higher than the range provided. Choice C is incorrect as irregular respirations are expected in infants. Choice D is not appropriate as irregular respirations with periodic pauses are a normal finding in young infants and do not necessarily indicate a concern that requires immediate notification of the healthcare provider.
What is the most common piece of medical equipment that can transmit harmful microorganisms among patients?
- A. Thermometer
- B. Stethoscope
- C. Injection needle
- D. Disposable gloves
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stethoscope. A stethoscope is commonly used between patients, and if not correctly disinfected, it can be a dangerous source of spreading microorganisms. Thermometers typically have barriers to prevent this type of transmission. Injection needles are discarded immediately after use and not reused, making them an unlikely source of transmission. Similarly, disposable gloves are not reused, so they are also not a common source of harmful microorganism transmission.
You are providing a home health care assessment for a very low-income mother with three young children under 5 who all appear to be at nutritional risk. Which program would you refer them to in an attempt to reduce the risk and safeguard the health of this family?
- A. Division of Maternal and Child Health
- B. Medicaid
- C. Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children
- D. The State Children's Health Insurance Program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). WIC provides nutritional assistance to low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children under 5. The Division of Maternal and Child Health (Choice A) focuses on promoting the health of mothers and children but does not provide direct nutritional assistance. Medicaid (Choice B) is a health insurance program for low-income individuals but does not specifically address nutritional needs. The State Children's Health Insurance Program (Choice D) provides health insurance for children in low-income families but does not offer nutritional support like WIC does.