If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct, Rutherford would have observed:
- A. Alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.
- B. Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil.
- C. Alpha particles bouncing off the foil.
- D. Positive particles formed in the foil.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil. In the Thomson model, the atom was thought to be a uniform, positively charged sphere. If this model had been correct, alpha particles would have passed through the foil with little or no deflection. However, Rutherford observed significant deflections, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the center (nucleus). This aligns with the concept of the Rutherford model of the atom. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the experimental observations made by Rutherford.
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Order the four metric prefixes from smallest to largest.
- A. nano- < milli- < centi- < kilo-
- B. milli- < nano- < centi- < kilo-
- C. kilo- < centi- < nano- < milli-
- D. kilo- < centi- < milli- < nano-
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order is A: nano- < milli- < centi- < kilo-. The rationale is as follows:
1. Start from the smallest prefix, which is nano- representing 10^-9.
2. Moving up, milli- comes next representing 10^-3, which is larger than nano-.
3. Following milli- is centi- representing 10^-2, larger than milli-.
4. Lastly, kilo- is the largest prefix representing 10^3, making it the largest of the four options.
Therefore, the correct order is nano- < milli- < centi- < kilo-.
The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct increasing order of magnitude for the metric prefixes.
Which of the following is an example of a quantitative observation?
- A. The piece of metal is longer than the piece of wood.
- B. Solution 1 is much darker than solution
- C. The liquid in beaker A is blue.
- D. The temperature of the liquid is 60°C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it involves a measurable quantity (length) that can be expressed numerically. This is a quantitative observation as it can be described with numbers. Choices B and C describe qualities (color and appearance) which are qualitative observations. Choice D provides a quantitative measurement (temperature) but it is not an observation, rather a measurement.
You are asked to determine the perimeter of the cover of your textbook. You measure the length as 36 cm and the width as 83 cm. How many significant figures should you report for the perimeter?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (3 significant figures). When calculating the perimeter of a rectangle, you add all the sides together. In this case, the perimeter would be 2(36 cm + 83 cm) = 238 cm. The least precise measurement given (83 cm) has 2 significant figures. Therefore, the final answer should be reported with the same number of significant figures as the least precise measurement, which is 3.
Summary:
A: 1 significant figure is too few.
B: 2 significant figures are based on the least precise measurement.
D: 4 significant figures are too many as it should match the least precise measurement.
The melting point of picolinic acid is 5°C. What is the melting point of picolinic acid on the Fahrenheit scale?
- A. 107.8°F
- B. 245.7°F
- C. 168.5°F
- D. 409.5°F
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 107.8°F. To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you use the formula °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32. Substituting 5°C into the formula gives (5 x 9/5) + 32 = 41 + 32 = 73°F. Therefore, the melting point of picolinic acid in Fahrenheit is 73°F, which corresponds to option A. Option B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match the calculated Fahrenheit temperature.
Convert 4338 mL to qt. (1 L = 06 qt)
- A. 4598 qt
- B. 4.092 qt
- C. 4.092 10 3 qt
- D. 4092 qt
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To convert 4338 mL to qt, first convert mL to L by dividing by 1000 (4338 mL / 1000 = 4.338 L). Then, convert L to qt using the conversion factor 1 L = 0.946 qt. So, 4.338 L * 0.946 qt/L = 4.092 qt (Answer B).
Choice A (4598 qt) is incorrect as it does not follow the correct conversion process. Choice C (4.092 10 3 qt) is incorrect due to incorrect formatting and notation. Choice D (4092 qt) is incorrect as it uses the wrong conversion factor.