Nokea
If you met an individual who appeared to be very charming at first, but later you discovered that he or she manipulated people, caused others hurt without a second thought, and could not be depended upon, you might suspect him of being
- A. dependent
- B. narcissistic
- C. paranoid
- D. antisocial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antisocial personality disorder features charm, manipulation, and lack of remorse, fitting this description perfectly.
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A patient with schizophrenia is admitted to the psychiatric unit in an acutely disturbed, violent state. He is given several doses of haloperidol (Haldol) and becomes calm and approachable. During rounds the nurse notices the patient has his head rotated to one side in a stiffly fixed position. His lower jaw is thrust forward and he appears severely anxious. The patient has _____, and the nurse should _____.
- A. A dystonic reaction"¦administer PRN IM benztropine (Cogentin)
- B. Tardive dyskinesia"¦seek a change in the drug or its dosage
- C. Waxy flexibility"¦continue treatment with antipsychotic drugs
- D. Akathisia"¦administer PRN diphenhydramine (Benadryl) PO
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A dystonic reaction"¦administer PRN IM benztropine (Cogentin). This patient is exhibiting symptoms of acute dystonia, a extrapyramidal side effect of haloperidol. Dystonic reactions are characterized by sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication that helps alleviate these symptoms by blocking the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Administering benztropine is the appropriate treatment for acute dystonia.
Summary of other choices:
B: Tardive dyskinesia"¦seek a change in the drug or its dosage - Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect that occurs after long-term antipsychotic use, not acutely like in this case.
C: Waxy flexibility"¦continue treatment with antipsychotic drugs - Waxy flexibility is a symptom of catatonia, not a side effect of antipsychotic medications
A history reveals that a patient virtually stopped eating 5 months ago and lost 25% of body weight. The nurse says, "Describe what you think about your present weight and how you look."Â Which response would be most consistent with anorexia nervosa?
- A. "I'm fat and ugly."Â
- B. "What I think about myself is my business."Â
- C. "I'm grossly underweight, but I cover it well."Â
- D. "I'm a few pounds overweight, but I can live with it."Â
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the response indicates a distorted body image, a common characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body image, leading individuals to see themselves as overweight despite being underweight. In this case, the patient's response of "I'm fat and ugly" demonstrates a negative perception of their weight and appearance, which aligns with the distorted body image seen in anorexia nervosa.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: "What I think about myself is my business" - This response does not indicate a distorted body image or negative perception of weight and appearance, which are key features of anorexia nervosa.
C: "I'm grossly underweight, but I cover it well" - While this response acknowledges being underweight, it does not reflect the distorted body image commonly seen in anorexia nervosa.
D: "I'm a
Which is the most appropriate initial goal for a nurse when attempting to overcome personal negative attitudes about a patient who has a history of returning to an abusive spouse?
- A. Exploring own attitudes and values toward survivors of violence
- B. Identifying the dysfunctional behaviors exhibited by the violent family
- C. Concentrating on identifying any possible personal abusive relationships
- D. Attending seminars on the psychological impact of being the victim of abuse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because exploring one's own attitudes and values towards survivors of violence is crucial in overcoming personal negative attitudes. By reflecting on personal biases, the nurse can gain self-awareness and empathy, enabling better care for the patient. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the abuser's behaviors, not the nurse's attitudes. Choice C is incorrect as it shifts the focus to the nurse's personal relationships. Choice D is incorrect as attending seminars does not directly address the nurse's personal attitudes.
A rape victim tells the emergency room nurse, 'I feel so dirty. Help me take a shower before anything else.' The nurse should:
- A. Arrange for the patient to shower.
- B. Explain that bathing would destroy evidence.
- C. Suggest the patient wait until after the examination.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Explain that bathing would destroy evidence. This is the best choice because preserving evidence is crucial in cases of sexual assault. Bathing could wash away vital evidence needed for investigation and prosecution. It is important to prioritize the victim's physical and emotional well-being, but preserving evidence for forensic examination takes precedence. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because arranging for the patient to shower, suggesting waiting, or choosing none of the above would risk compromising the evidence needed for justice.
A client has just been diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease. A family member asks what medications are used for treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following medications are the ones most used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Haloperidol (Haldol)
- B. Donepezil (Aricept)
- C. Rivastigmine (Exelon)
- D. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Donepezil (Aricept). Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor commonly used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease by improving cognitive function. It is considered a first-line medication for Alzheimer's. Haloperidol (A) is an antipsychotic drug and not used for Alzheimer's treatment. Rivastigmine (C) is another cholinesterase inhibitor like donepezil, but it is more commonly used for moderate to severe Alzheimer's. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (D) are not typically used for Alzheimer's treatment. In summary, Donepezil is the preferred medication for mild to moderate Alzheimer's due to its effectiveness in improving cognitive symptoms.