Nokea
Impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson disease is correlated with which neurotransmitter?
- A. Glutamate
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Serotonin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson disease have been linked with low levels of dopamine. The other neurotransmitters have not been implicated in Parkinson's disease in this manner.
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The client arrives at the emergency department reporting symptoms of heart palpitations, tightness in the chest, and epigastric pain after a stressful event. What system will the nurse correlate with the client symptoms?
- A. Respiratory system
- B. Autonomic nervous system
- C. Cardiopulmonary system
- D. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct to correlate stress and the symptoms, which stem from organs affected by the autonomic nervous system. Clients may present with heart palpitations, pounding headache, breathlessness, tightness in the chest, chest pain, chronic pain, irritability, epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort and bloating, or constipation and diarrhea. The respiratory system is affected by stress, but the client's symptoms do not correlate to the respiratory system. The symptoms extend beyond cardiopulmonary system effects. The central nervous system is involved in only the brain and the spinal cord effects.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse is most correct to correlate the client's uncontrolled tremors as a physical characteristic of a lack of which neurotransmitter?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Norepinephrine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Acetylcholine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common movement disorder. It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and imbalance. Low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine have been linked to the uncontrollable tremors. The other neurotransmitters are not related to Parkinson disease.
The nurse is caring for a client who consistently presents to the emergency department with symptoms of varied illnesses. Family members correlate the symptoms to illnesses seen on television or in other family members. When viewing past documentation of client history, which would the nurse anticipate?
- A. An autoimmune disorder
- B. Hypochondriasis
- C. Paranoid schizophrenia
- D. Physical abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypochondriasis is an abnormal fixation about the status of one's health. Some would propose that the disorder occurs when a person receives excessive attention and concern from others during childhood illnesses, which were unconsciously perceived as rewarding. The other disorders are not related.
The nurse is caring for a client who is taking a medication that affects the function of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. The client asks 'What does norepinephrine normally do in the body?' What should the nurse include in the response? Select all that apply.
- A. Affects attention and concentration
- B. Raises energy level
- C. Heightens arousal
- D. Assists memory storage
- E. Decreases seizure potential
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The nurse should inform the client that norepinephrine affects attention and concentration, raises energy level, and heightens arousal. It does not assist memory storage or decrease seizure potential.
The nurse is consulting with a client who verbalizes extreme stress. When the nurse asks the client how life is, which response represents hardiness in character?
- A. I am making it through and just barely holding on.
- B. Life is challenging, I take it as it comes.
- C. I am not able to juggle all of the balls of life.
- D. What can you do, it is what it is.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse would be correct to select the response that represents the effective coping style of hardiness as the client that identifies life as a challenge but coping with life situations as they arise. Clients who respond negatively with a sense of helplessness or indifference are not representing hardiness.