Microbiology An Introduction 12th Edition Test Bank

Microbiology An Introduction 12th Edition Test Bank Related

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In 8 days after a surgery the patient developed tetanus. The surgeon suspects this condition to be caused by suture material contaminated by tetanus agent. The material is delivered to a bacteriological laboratory. What nutrient medium is required for primary inoculation of the suture material?

  • A. Kitt-Tarozzi medium.
  • B. Endo agar.
  • C. Sabouraud agar.
  • D. Egg-yolk salt agar.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi medium. This medium is used for the primary inoculation of suture material suspected of causing tetanus. The rationale is that Kitt-Tarozzi medium contains the necessary nutrients to support the growth of Clostridium tetani, the bacterium responsible for tetanus. This medium is selective and helps in isolating the specific pathogen from the contaminated suture material.

Summary of other choices:
B: Endo agar is used for the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from clinical and non-clinical samples.
C: Sabouraud agar is used for the isolation of fungi and yeast.
D: Egg-yolk salt agar is used for the detection of lipase-producing bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus.

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What differentiates facultative anaerobes from obligate anaerobes?

  • A. Facultative anaerobes require oxygen for survival
  • B. Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen
  • C. Obligate anaerobes can grow with oxygen
  • D. Obligate anaerobes can tolerate small amounts of oxygen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism based on oxygen availability. This flexibility enables them to grow in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments, making choice B correct. Choice A is incorrect because facultative anaerobes do not require oxygen for survival. Choice C is incorrect as obligate anaerobes cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. Choice D is incorrect because obligate anaerobes cannot tolerate any amount of oxygen.

Infectious process is:

  • A. Clinically manifested disease
  • B. Infectious disease with typical symptoms
  • C. Interrelation between the macro- and micro organism
  • D. Ambulatory form of infection
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Infectious process involves interactions between macro and microorganisms.
2. It is not limited to manifested diseases or typical symptoms.
3. The process can occur without leading to a full-blown infectious disease.
4. Choice C correctly captures the dynamic relationship between different organisms.
Summary:
- A: Incorrect - Infectious process is not solely about clinically manifested diseases.
- B: Incorrect - Not all infectious diseases have typical symptoms.
- D: Incorrect - Ambulatory form is a specific type, not encompassing all infectious processes.

Autoclaving will usually destroy/inactivate all fungi, bacteria, viruses, and most bacterial spores but will not necessarily eliminate

  • A. neurotoxins.
  • B. prions.
  • C. protozoan cysts.
  • D. mycoplasmas.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: prions. Autoclaving, a method of sterilization using high pressure and steam, is effective at destroying most microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and most bacterial spores due to denaturation of their proteins and nucleic acids. However, prions are highly resistant infectious proteins that are not easily eliminated by autoclaving. Prions can withstand high temperatures and pressure, making them a challenge to eradicate. Neurotoxins (A), protozoan cysts (C), and mycoplasmas (D) are susceptible to autoclaving and would be destroyed during the process.

Subcutaneous mycoses occur predominantly in the:

  • A. tropics
  • B. deserts
  • C. forests of the Northern Hemisphere
  • D. Rocky Mountains
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Subcutaneous mycoses are fungal infections that affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and bones. The correct answer is A: tropics, as these infections are more commonly found in warm and humid regions. Fungi that cause subcutaneous mycoses thrive in tropical climates due to the favorable conditions for their growth and transmission. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because deserts (B) have dry conditions not conducive to fungal growth, forests of the Northern Hemisphere (C) have varying climates that may not support the specific fungi causing subcutaneous mycoses, and the Rocky Mountains (D) are not typically associated with the high humidity required for these infections.

Bacteriophages reproduce by:

  • A. Division
  • B. Mitosis
  • C. Meiosis
  • D. None of them
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, not living organisms. They do not reproduce through division, mitosis, or meiosis because they lack the cellular machinery for these processes. Instead, bacteriophages replicate by inserting their genetic material into a host bacterium and hijacking its cellular machinery to produce new viral particles. Therefore, the correct answer is D - None of them. Division and mitosis involve cellular division in living organisms, while meiosis is a specialized process for sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms, none of which apply to bacteriophages.

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