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In a closed system with a gas at constant volume, what will happen to the temperature if the pressure is increased?

  • A. The temperature will stay the same
  • B. The temperature will decrease
  • C. The temperature will increase
  • D. It cannot be determined with the information given
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a closed system with a gas at constant volume, according to Gay-Lussac's law, the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure. When the pressure is increased, the temperature of the gas will also increase. This relationship is a direct consequence of the ideal gas law, where pressure and temperature are directly proportional when volume is held constant. Therefore, as pressure increases in a closed system with constant volume, the temperature of the gas will increase. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The temperature will not stay the same (Choice A) or decrease (Choice B) when the pressure is increased in this scenario. The relationship between pressure and temperature in a closed system with constant volume allows for a definitive conclusion about the increase in temperature when pressure is increased, making Choice D, which suggests inability to determine, incorrect.

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What is the process of cell division in somatic (most body) cells called?

  • A. Mitosis
  • B. Meiosis
  • C. Respiration
  • D. Cytogenesis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct answer. It is the process of cell division in somatic cells, leading to the formation of two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that occurs in sex cells, leading to the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Respiration is a completely different biological process related to energy production, and cytogenesis is not a recognized term for cell division.

What is an alteration in the normal gene sequence called?

  • A. DNA mutation
  • B. Gene migration
  • C. Polygenic inheritance
  • D. Incomplete dominance
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A DNA mutation is the correct term used to describe an alteration in the normal gene sequence. It refers to changes in the DNA sequence that can result in different traits or characteristics. Gene migration involves the movement of genes between populations, polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits controlled by multiple genes, and incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant.

Which of the following best describes the function of synergists?

  • A. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements
  • B. They stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion
  • C. They help prevent unwanted movement at a joint
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Synergists play multiple roles in muscle function. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements by working together with them. Additionally, synergists help stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, contributing to the efficiency of movement. Furthermore, they also help prevent unwanted movement at a joint by ensuring that the intended motion is executed smoothly. Therefore, all the statements in the answer choices accurately describe the functions of synergists, making 'All of the above' the most comprehensive and precise description of their role.

What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 4.0 grams of NaCl into enough water to make 120 mL of solution? The atomic mass of Na is 23.0 g/mol, and Cl is 35.5 g/mol.

  • A. 0.34 M
  • B. 0.57 M
  • C. 0.034 M
  • D. 0.057 M
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To find the molarity, first calculate the moles of NaCl. Moles of NaCl = 4.0 g / (23.0 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol) = 0.068 mol. Next, use the formula for molarity: Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution. Molarity = 0.068 mol / 0.120 L = 0.57 M. Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.57 M. Choice A, 0.34 M, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated molarity. Choice C, 0.034 M, is incorrect as it is a decimal point off from the correct molarity. Choice D, 0.057 M, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated molarity of 0.57 M.

When testing how quickly a rat dies based on the amount of poison it eats, which of the following is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable?

  • A. How quickly the rat dies is the independent variable; the amount of poison is the dependent variable.
  • B. The amount of poison is the independent variable; how quickly the rat dies is the dependent variable.
  • C. Whether the rat eats the poison is the independent variable; how quickly the rat dies is the dependent variable.
  • D. The cage the rat is kept in is the independent variable; the amount of poison is the dependent variable.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In this experiment, the independent variable is the amount of poison because it is what is being manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is how quickly the rat dies, as it is the outcome that is being measured based on the different amounts of poison administered. Choice A is incorrect because the independent variable should be what is being manipulated or changed, which is the amount of poison in this case. Choice C is incorrect because whether the rat eats the poison is not being varied or controlled by the researcher. Choice D is incorrect because the cage the rat is kept in is not relevant to the relationship being studied between the amount of poison and the rat's survival time.

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