Nokea
In a cyanotic spell of TOF
- A. Systemic vascular resistance is reduced
- B. Murmur disappear
- C. PO2 is reduced
- D. Right to Left shunt is Increased
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a cyanotic spell in Tetralogy of Fallot, there is an increased right-to-left shunting through the ventricular septal defect.
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Acetazolamide:
- A. Is used in the management of renal tubular acidosis
- B. Causes hypokalaemia
- C. Is usually given intravenously
- D. Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase: Acetazolamide works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, reducing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys and helping with conditions like glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, and altitude sickness.
Congenital heart disease causing cyanosis without respiratory distress include EXCEPT
- A. tricuspid atresia
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. Ebstein anomaly
- D. pulmonary atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein anomaly, and pulmonary atresia can cause cyanosis without respiratory distress, while aortic stenosis typically does not.
A nurse is caring for a client with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which data warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Serum sodium of 185 mEq/L
- B. Urine output of 3000 mL per hour.
- C. Blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg.
- D. Potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A serum sodium level of 185 mEq/L indicates severe hypernatremia, which is life-threatening and requires immediate intervention.
All of the following are true regarding proximal renal tubular acidosis, except
- A. Growth failure in the first few years of life is a characteristic presentation
- B. Urine pH cannot be reduced to < 5.5
- C. It is usually a component of Fanconi syndrome
- D. Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis is common
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proximal renal tubular acidosis is associated with a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, not a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Childhood autism:
- A. Is commoner in boys
- B. Is characterised by extreme delay of social milestones
- C. Repetitive tasks are commonly performed
- D. Is characterised by extremely chaotic routines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly diagnosed in boys than girls, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1.