Nokea
In a newborn's eyes, strabismus is a normal finding because of:
- A. congenital cataracts.
- B. lack of binocularity.
- C. absence of red reflex.
- D. inability of pupil to react to light.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, is a common condition in newborns due to the lack of binocularity. Binocularity refers to the ability of both eyes to focus simultaneously on a single point, which is not fully developed in newborns. As a result, it is normal for a newborn's eyes to appear misaligned at times. This lack of coordination between the eyes typically resolves as the infant's visual system matures and they develop the ability to focus both eyes together. Therefore, the presence of strabismus in a newborn is usually considered a normal finding related to the immature visual development rather than a sign of pathology such as congenital cataracts, absence of red reflex, or pupil reactivity issues.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 2-year-old is noted to be drinking from a container filled with kerosene. He immediately coughs, becomes tachypneic, and is brought to the hospital. The best approach to his treatment is to
- A. induce emesis
- B. perform nasogastric tube lavage
- C. instill mineral oil
- D. administer steroids
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Inducing emesis or performing gastric lavage can increase the risk of aspiration. The best approach is supportive care, including oxygen and monitoring.
Which of the following would the nurse teach the patient is the most common site for ear infections?
- A. Outer ear
- B. Middle ear
- C. Inner ear
- D. Semicircular canal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most common site for ear infections is the middle ear. This area is prone to infections, especially in children, due to the Eustachian tube being shorter and more horizontal compared to adults. The middle ear is connected to the upper respiratory tract, allowing bacteria or viruses to easily travel and cause infections in this area. Symptoms of a middle ear infection include ear pain, fluid buildup, and possible hearing loss. Treatment may involve antibiotics and pain relief medications, and in some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the fluid.
A patient has chronic respiratory acidosis related to long-standing lung disease. Which of the following problems is the cause?
- A. Hyperventilation
- B. Loss of acid by kidneys
- C. Hypoventilation
- D. Loss of base by kidneys CARING FOR CLIENTS REQUIRING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to inadequate exhalation of CO2. This typically occurs as a result of hypoventilation, which is characterized by breathing at an abnormally slow rate or shallow depth. In patients with long-standing lung disease, the ability to effectively exchange gases in the lungs is compromised, leading to a buildup of CO2 in the bloodstream and subsequent respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation, on the other hand, would result in a decrease in CO2 levels in the blood, while the loss of acid or base by the kidneys is related to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. Therefore, in this case, the primary problem causing chronic respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation.
A 13-year-old boy is hospitalized for a femur fracture after being hit by a car while racing bikes. The parents are concerned about his judgment. The nurse should tell the parents that this behavior is:
- A. Typical of young teens.
- B. Related to hormonal surges during adolescence.
- C. An isolated incident that will not likely happen again.
- D. Related to underdeveloped judgment and impulse control in adolescence.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The adolescent brain is still developing, which can lead to poor judgment and impulsive behavior.
Mr. Sison had an above the knee amputation (AKA). He is taught to use crutches while prosthesis is being adjusted. The nurse instruct the client to support her weight primarily on which areas?
- A. axilla
- B. upper arms
- C. elbows
- D. hands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When using crutches after an above the knee amputation, it is important for the client to support their weight primarily on their elbows. Placing the weight on the elbows helps to prevent pressure on the axilla (armpit area), which can lead to nerve damage and discomfort. Supporting weight on the elbows also provides better stability and control while using crutches, allowing the client to move more safely and comfortably. Additionally, distributing the weight onto the elbows helps to avoid potential strain and injury to the hands or upper arms.