Endocrinology Exam Questions

Endocrinology Exam Questions Related

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In a patient with centripetal obesity, acne and hirsutism. The most likely diagnosis is:

  • A. Cushing's syndrome
  • B. Diabetes mellitus
  • C. Hypogonadism
  • D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Centripetal obesity, acne, and hirsutism are classic features of Cushing's syndrome. Cushing's syndrome results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can be due to various causes such as adrenal tumors, pituitary adenomas, or exogenous glucocorticoid use. Centripetal obesity refers to the characteristic fat distribution pattern seen in Cushing's syndrome, where fat accumulates mainly in the face, neck, and trunk while sparing the limbs. Acne and hirsutism are also commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome due to the hormonal imbalances caused by excess cortisol. Testing for serum cortisol levels, dexamethasone suppression tests, and imaging studies can help confirm the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in a patient presenting with these symptoms.

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All of the following are potential causes of elevated LDL , except:

  • A. Cirrhosis
  • B. Hypothyroidism
  • C. Nephrotic syndrome
  • D. Thiazide diuretics
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cirrhosis is not a potential cause of elevated LDL cholesterol levels. The liver plays a significant role in cholesterol metabolism, and liver disease like cirrhosis can actually lead to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels can be caused by conditions such as hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, or the use of certain medications like thiazide diuretics.

Which of the following lung cancers is most commonly associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

  • A. Squamous cell carcinoma
  • B. Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
  • C. Large cell carcinoma
  • D. Adenocarcinoma
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung is most commonly associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). This paraneoplastic syndrome occurs in patients with small cell lung cancer due to the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the tumor cells. The excessive release of ADH leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, causing symptoms such as nausea, confusion, seizures, and potentially life-threatening complications. Other types of lung cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, are less commonly associated with SIADH.

Effect of diabetes on foetus includes all except:

  • A. Microsomia
  • B. Hyperbilirubinaemia
  • C. Stillbirth
  • D. Open neural tube defect
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperbilirubinemia is not a common effect of diabetes on the fetus. The correct effects of diabetes on the fetus include:

All the following are effects of hypercalcemia except

  • A. Diarrhea
  • B. Polyuria
  • C. A shortened qt interval
  • D. Nephrolithiasis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypercalcemia refers to elevated levels of calcium in the blood. The effects of hypercalcemia include increased urinary frequency (polyuria), gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation rather than diarrhea, kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), and various cardiac abnormalities. One key cardiac abnormality associated with hypercalcemia is a prolonged QT interval rather than a shortened QT interval. Prolongation of the QT interval can predispose individuals to arrhythmias, particularly Torsades de pointes. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as a shortened QT interval is not a typical effect of hypercalcemia.

Primary hyperaldosteronism is not featured by:

  • A. Diastolic hypertension
  • B. Paraesthesia
  • C. Alkalosis
  • D. Oedema
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Primary hyperaldosteronism, also known as Conn's syndrome, is characterized by excessive production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands, leading to increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. The typical features of primary hyperaldosteronism include hypertension (often systolic), hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and oedema due to sodium retention. Paraesthesia, which refers to abnormal sensations such as tingling or numbness, is not a common feature associated with primary hyperaldosteronism.

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