Nokea
In a patient with painful joint swelling the following investigations are diagnostic:
- A. C-reactive protein
- B. Antinuclear antibodies
- C. Serum C3 (complement) levels
- D. Microscopic examination of synovial fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microscopic examination of synovial fluid can reveal crystals, infection, or inflammation, providing a definitive diagnosis.
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Regarding mitral valve prolapse, all the following are true EXCEPT
- A. it is predominantly in girls
- B. it is usually sporadic
- C. the dominant abnormal signs are auscultatory
- D. antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended during surgery and dental procedures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer universally recommended for mitral valve prolapse.
An adult male client is admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) secondary to AIDS. While hospitalized, he receives IV pentamidine isethionate therapy. In preparing this client for discharge, what important aspect regarding his medication therapy should the nurse explain?
- A. IV pentamidine may offer protection to other AIDS-related conditions, such as Kaposi's sarcoma
- B. It will be necessary to continue prophylactic doses of IV or aerosol pentamidine every month
- C. IV pentamidine will be given until oral pentamidine can be tolerated
- D. AZT (Azidothymidine) therapy must be stopped when IV or aerosol pentamidine is being used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prophylactic doses of pentamidine are necessary to prevent PCP recurrence and other AIDS-related infections.
Recognised causes of stroke in children include:
- A. Sickle cell disease
- B. Cystinuria
- C. SLE
- D. Left-to-right shunts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sickle cell disease can cause stroke in children due to the sickled cells blocking blood flow to the brain.
Which among the following beta-blockers is not potent than propranolol (considering propranolol = 1)?
- A. Carvedilol
- B. Metoprolol
- C. Bisoprolol
- D. Labetalol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Labetalol has a lower beta-blocking potency compared to propranolol, especially considering it also has alpha-blocking activity.
Recognised features in Marfan's syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Mitral valve prolapse
- C. Cognitive impairment
- D. Myopia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse