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In a unionized hospital, nurses receive compensatory pay for working holidays based on the hours worked with no extra compensation. Despite management refusing to consider changes to the compensatory pay system suggested by nurses during the annual employee satisfaction survey, a trend member listened to both parties and made non-legally binding recommendations. What is this type of settlement known as?
- A. Collective bargaining
- B. Mediation
- C. Grievance
- D. Binding arbitration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mediation. Mediation is a voluntary process where a neutral third party helps facilitate communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. In this scenario, the trend member listened to both parties and made non-legally binding recommendations, which aligns with the definition of mediation. Collective bargaining (A) involves negotiations between labor unions and management to reach a legally binding collective agreement. Grievance (C) is a formal complaint resolution process within the organization. Binding arbitration (D) is a process where a neutral third party makes a final and binding decision to resolve a dispute. In this case, the involvement of a trend member making non-legally binding recommendations indicates the use of mediation as the type of settlement.
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The healthcare provider responds to an alarm on a pulse oximeter and sees that the patient's oxygen saturation is reading 38%. The provider observes the patient, noting a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, pink mucous membranes, and easy regular respirations. The healthcare provider concludes that the pulse oximeter is not reading accurately. Whose theory of healthcare is this provider demonstrating?
- A. Annie Goodrich
- B. Lillian D. Wald
- C. Florence Nightingale
- D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known for her emphasis on evidence-based practice and data-driven decision-making in healthcare. In this scenario, the healthcare provider is using critical thinking skills to assess the patient's overall clinical presentation, which includes normal vital signs and signs of adequate oxygenation despite the pulse oximeter reading of 38%. This aligns with Nightingale's principles of prioritizing direct observation and clinical judgment over technology.
Incorrect answers:
A: Annie Goodrich - Goodrich was a nursing educator and leader in nursing education, but not specifically known for emphasizing clinical assessment over technology.
B: Lillian D. Wald - Wald was a public health nurse and social reformer, not specifically associated with direct patient care assessment.
D: Linda Richards - Richards was the first professionally trained American nurse, but not specifically known for her approach to clinical assessment in this context.
A patient is admitted with pneumonia. My case manager refers to a plan of care that specifically identifies dates when supplemental oxygen should be discontinued, positive pressure ventilation with bronchodilators should be changed to self-administer inhalers, and antibiotics should be changed from intravenous to oral treatment, based on assessment findings. This plan of care is referred to by what term?
- A. patient classification system
- B. patient-centered plan of care
- C. diagnosis-related group
- D. clinical pathway
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: clinical pathway. A clinical pathway is a detailed plan of care that outlines specific interventions and timelines based on assessment findings. In this scenario, the plan includes specific dates for discontinuing supplemental oxygen, changing ventilation methods, and transitioning antibiotics. This structured approach ensures consistent and efficient care delivery.
A: Patient classification system categorizes patients based on their clinical needs, not specific care plans.
B: Patient-centered plan of care focuses on individual preferences and goals, not necessarily specific interventions and timelines.
C: Diagnosis-related group is a classification system for reimbursement based on diagnoses, not specific care plans.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe a detailed plan of care with specific interventions and timelines like a clinical pathway does.
Caring means responding to others as unique individuals, sensing their emotions, and accepting them as they are, unconditionally. This response accepts the patient's choice without condemning or frightening them.
- A. Finding a way for the patient to see the dog, even if they can only look out a window, shows caring by understanding this patient's needs.
- B. The definition of transpersonal caring includes accepting individuals for who they are, so a nonjudgmental attitude is essential.
- C. This statement includes the patient in planning care, demonstrating care for the patient's needs and preferences.
- D. Curative nursing care is high-tech, or nursing care that is based on the medical model of care, which often is based on the use of technology.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it aligns with the definition of caring provided in the question stem. By including the patient in planning care, the nurse demonstrates a genuine concern for the patient's needs and preferences, which is a key aspect of caring. This approach acknowledges the patient as a unique individual and respects their autonomy.
Choice A is incorrect because while finding a way for the patient to see the dog may be a kind gesture, it does not directly relate to the core concept of caring as described in the question.
Choice B is incorrect as it mentions the importance of a nonjudgmental attitude, which is indeed a part of transpersonal caring but does not directly address the specific aspect of including the patient in planning care.
Choice D is incorrect as it introduces a different concept of curative nursing care, which is not relevant to the definition of caring provided in the question.
What is the difference between mediation and binding arbitration based on the statement provided?
- A. Mediation is sanctioned by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to formally discuss concerns with management and labor
- B. Mediation uses a trained person to facilitate negotiations without making a final decision
- C. Binding arbitration is a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and must be adhered to by both parties
- D. Binding arbitration requires both labor and management to engage in discussions to find the least harmful resolution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because binding arbitration involves a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and binding on both parties. This means that both labor and management must adhere to the arbitrator's decision, making it a legally enforceable resolution.
Choice A is incorrect because mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB; it is a voluntary process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
Choice B is incorrect because mediation does not involve a final decision-maker; it focuses on facilitating negotiations and helping parties communicate and reach a resolution on their own terms.
Choice D is incorrect because binding arbitration does not require both parties to engage in discussions to find a resolution; instead, it involves the arbitrator making a final decision that both parties must accept.
What term is used to identify a situation where a specific target and method of attack are identified by a reliable source, such as a bomb in the possession of a known terrorist group targeting a government building in a local community?
- A. Credible threat
- B. Biological event
- C. National disaster
- D. All-hazards approach
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Credible threat. A credible threat refers to a specific target and method of attack identified by a reliable source. In this scenario, the bomb in the possession of a known terrorist group targeting a government building fits the definition of a credible threat.
Choice B: Biological event is incorrect because it does not align with the given scenario of a known terrorist group targeting a government building with a bomb.
Choice C: National disaster is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the specific situation of a targeted attack by a terrorist group.
Choice D: All-hazards approach is incorrect because it is a comprehensive strategy for addressing various types of emergencies, not specifically focused on a credible threat like the one described in the question.