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In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?
- A. Vitamins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Fats
- D. Enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.
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What is the primary function of protein in the body?
- A. Provide energy.
- B. Regulate metabolic processes.
- C. Control muscle contractions.
- D. Build tissue.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary function of protein in the body is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are crucial for growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, including muscles, organs, and skin. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy. Regulating metabolic processes and controlling muscle contractions are functions typically attributed to other nutrients and compounds in the body, such as vitamins and minerals.
The major focus of nutritional recommendations in this century has shifted to:
- A. prevention and control of chronic diseases.
- B. improved sanitation and public health.
- C. prevention and control of infectious diseases.
- D. development of healthful foods using food technology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: prevention and control of chronic diseases. In this century, nutritional recommendations have increasingly emphasized the importance of preventing and managing chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Lifestyle factors such as diet play a significant role in the development of these conditions. Option B, improved sanitation and public health, although important for overall health, is not the primary focus of nutritional recommendations. Option C, prevention and control of infectious diseases, is also crucial but does not reflect the current major focus of nutritional recommendations. Option D, development of healthful foods using food technology, is a valid area of interest but is not the primary shift in focus observed in nutritional recommendations.
What types of muscular movement occur in the intestine?
- A. Longitudinal and circular.
- B. Expulsion and traction.
- C. Tonus and clonus.
- D. Intermittent and continuous.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Longitudinal and circular. Longitudinal and circular muscles are responsible for the movements that help propel food through the intestine. Choice B, expulsion and traction, is incorrect as these terms do not specifically relate to the types of muscular movement in the intestine. Choice C, tonus and clonus, refers to different types of muscle contractions and are not the primary movements in the intestine. Choice D, intermittent and continuous, does not accurately describe the specific types of muscular movement that occur in the intestine.
In the most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes, the three groups into which foods are arranged are:
- A. fruits and vegetables, breads, and meats.
- B. fats, starches and sugars, and meat and milk.
- C. fruits and vegetables, meat and milk, and starches.
- D. carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats. The most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes categorizes foods into these three groups for easier meal planning. Choice A is incorrect because it does not include carbohydrates and groups bread with fruits and vegetables. Choice B is incorrect because it separates carbohydrates into starches and sugars, which are usually counted together in diabetes meal planning. Choice C is incorrect as it does not specifically categorize foods into carbohydrates, meat, and fats as per the latest edition.
Major nutrients supplied by foods in the Vegetables group of MyPlate include:
- A. potassium and vitamin A.
- B. iron and vitamin C.
- C. calcium and vitamin B12.
- D. sodium and vitamin E.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: potassium and vitamin A. Vegetables are an excellent source of potassium and vitamin A, both essential for maintaining overall health. Iron and vitamin C (choice B) are commonly found in foods from the Protein and Fruits groups, respectively. Calcium and vitamin B12 (choice C) are more abundant in dairy products and animal-based foods. Sodium and vitamin E (choice D) are not the major nutrients typically supplied by vegetables.