LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions

LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions Related

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In an emergency department, a provider is assessing a client with an acute head injury following a motor-vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should be prioritized?

  • A. A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13
  • B. Clear fluid leaking from the nose
  • C. Nausea and vomiting
  • D. Anisocoria
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The priority finding is the clear fluid leaking from the nose, which could indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak and potential brain injury. This requires immediate attention to assess for possible cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is a serious complication of head trauma and needs prompt intervention to prevent further complications. While a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 may indicate a mild alteration in consciousness, it is not as urgent as assessing for a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms after head injuries but do not take precedence over assessing for a potential cerebrospinal fluid leak. Anisocoria (unequal pupils) is also important to note but is not as urgent as identifying a possible cerebrospinal fluid leak in this scenario.

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A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should avoid drinking milk.
  • B. I should avoid drinking coffee.
  • C. I should avoid eating high-fiber foods.
  • D. I should avoid eating low-fat foods.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding coffee is important in managing peptic ulcer disease as it helps reduce acid production and alleviate symptoms. Coffee is known to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, which can exacerbate ulcer symptoms. Therefore, instructing the client to avoid drinking coffee is essential in the dietary management of peptic ulcer disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking milk is generally allowed and can even provide a protective effect against ulcers. High-fiber foods are beneficial for digestion and do not need to be avoided unless they cause discomfort. Low-fat foods are also typically recommended for individuals with peptic ulcer disease as they are easier on the digestive system.

A 5-month-old infant is admitted to the ER with a temperature of 103.6°F and irritability. The mother states that the child has been listless for the past several hours and that he had a seizure on the way to the hospital. A lumbar puncture confirms a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The nurse should assess the infant for:

  • A. Periorbital edema
  • B. Tenseness of the anterior fontanel
  • C. Positive Babinski reflex
  • D. Negative scarf sign
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tenseness of the anterior fontanel is a key sign of bacterial meningitis in a 5-month-old, indicating increased intracranial pressure from infection, alongside fever, irritability, and seizures. Periorbital edema isn't typical, a positive Babinski is normal at this age, and a negative scarf sign relates to tone, not pressure. Nurses assess this bulging fontanel urgently, as it signals worsening inflammation, guiding immediate antibiotic and supportive care to prevent brain damage or death in this critical condition.

Which of the following statement is NOT true about standards of care?

  • A. Guide nursing practice
  • B. Based on evidence
  • C. Vary by nurse
  • D. Ensure quality
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Standards guide practice (A), are evidence-based (B), ensure quality (D) 'vary by nurse' (C) isn't true, uniform, per regulation. C's variation contradicts consistency for Mr. Gary's care, making it untrue.

The physician has ordered Stadol (butorphanol) for a post-operative client. The nurse knows that the medication is having its intended effect if the client:

  • A. Is asleep 30 minutes after the injection
  • B. Asks for extra servings on his meal tray
  • C. Has an increased urinary output
  • D. States that he is feeling less nauseated
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Being asleep 30 minutes post-Stadol indicates effective pain relief and sedation, its intended effect post-op extra food, urine output, or less nausea aren't primary goals. Nurses monitor response, ensuring rest and pain control, critical for recovery in surgical care.

A client with gout is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should increase my intake of purine-rich foods.
  • B. I should decrease my intake of purine-rich foods.
  • C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
  • D. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Decreasing the intake of purine-rich foods is essential in managing gout as purines break down into uric acid, contributing to gout symptoms. Increasing purine-rich foods would exacerbate the condition by increasing uric acid levels. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as increasing sodium-rich foods (choice C) is not recommended for gout management, and decreasing potassium-rich foods (choice D) is unrelated to gout.

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