Nokea
In congenital megacolon or Chagas' disease the following is affected:
- A. Muscularis mucosa.
- B. Intestinal lining epithelium
- C. Nerve plexuses of GIT resulting in disturbances in digestive tract motility with dilatation in some areas.
- D. Mucosal glands.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both conditions affect the enteric nerve plexuses (e.g., Auerbach's and Meissner's), leading to motility issues like dilatation.
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Obstruction of the common bile duct by gallstones would most likely affect the digestion of:
- A. carbohydrates
- B. fats
- C. proteins
- D. nucleic acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bile is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats. An obstruction in the common bile duct would impair fat digestion.
Chymotrypsin is-
- A. Proteolytic enzyme
- B. Fat digestive enzyme
- C. Vitamin
- D. Hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas.
The pH in the mouth decreases after eating. Which statement explains the decrease in pH?
- A. Bacteria release acids when respiring food substances.
- B. Enzymes in saliva release acids during digestion.
- C. Food substances become alkaline when chewed.
- D. Salivary glands release an alkaline solution.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial metabolism of food releases acids, lowering the pH in the mouth.
Largest gland of body -
- A. Pancreas
- B. Duodenum
- C. Liver
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the largest gland in the human body, performing numerous metabolic functions.
What role does the stomach play in the maintenance of normal vitamin B12 levels?
- A. Produces intrinsic factor
- B. Absorbs vitamin B12
- C. Stores vitamin B12
- D. Converts vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The stomach's parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.