Nokea
In determining a way to make shift change more effective for the nurse and the client, a hospital implemented a course of action. After a week of implementation, the decision was deemed inappropriate. What step of Roger's diffusion of innovations is this?
- A. Confirmation
- B. Implementation
- C. Knowledge
- D. Persuasion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Confirmation. In Roger's diffusion of innovations theory, Confirmation is the stage where individuals evaluate the decision to adopt or reject an innovation after trying it out. In this scenario, the hospital implemented a course of action for shift change, and after a week, it was deemed inappropriate, indicating that the decision reached the Confirmation stage.
Summary:
- B: Implementation is incorrect as the hospital had already implemented the course of action.
- C: Knowledge is incorrect as this stage involves acquiring information about the innovation.
- D: Persuasion is incorrect as it focuses on influencing individuals to adopt the innovation, which is not the case in this scenario.
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Which of the following conditions would be well suited to the use of a nursing critical pathway?
- A. Foreign object in the ear
- B. Fever of unknown origin
- C. Hip replacement surgery
- D. Bacterial infection acquired in a foreign country
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hip replacement surgery. Nursing critical pathways are designed for standardized, evidence-based care plans for specific medical conditions or procedures. Hip replacement surgery is a well-defined process with clear guidelines for pre-op, intra-op, and post-op care, making it suitable for a critical pathway. Foreign object in the ear (A) requires immediate intervention but doesn't involve a complex care pathway. Fever of unknown origin (B) requires extensive diagnostic workup, making it less suitable for a standardized pathway. Bacterial infection acquired in a foreign country (D) may have variable presentations and treatment, not fitting a standardized pathway.
Cultural diversity presents an important challenge to nurse managers due to which of the following?
- A. A nursing shortage exists
- B. Staff nurses are not trained to be culturally sensitive
- C. 80% of nursing staff comes from one or more minority groups
- D. The increase in cultural diversity is seen both in the patient population and the nursing staff
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an increase in cultural diversity in both the patient population and nursing staff can lead to challenges in communication, understanding beliefs and practices, and providing culturally competent care. This can impact patient outcomes and require nurse managers to address cultural competence training and policies.
Choice A (nursing shortage) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the challenge of cultural diversity. Choice B (lack of cultural sensitivity training) may contribute to the challenge but is not the primary reason. Choice C (80% of nursing staff from minority groups) is incorrect as it presents a specific statistic without addressing the broader implications of cultural diversity in both patients and staff.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a female client who has hypovolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be a priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. BUN 21 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
- B. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
- C. Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL)
- D. Sodium 132 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potassium 5.8 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in blood volume leading to electrolyte imbalances. Potassium levels outside the normal range can be life-threatening, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is a priority to report to the provider for prompt intervention.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: BUN within the normal range. It may indicate dehydration but not immediately life-threatening.
C: Creatinine slightly elevated, indicating kidney function impairment but not as critical as potassium imbalance.
D: Sodium within acceptable range, not an immediate concern in hypovolemia.
A registered nurse (RN) administered a patient’s morning insulin as the breakfast tray arrived at 0800. The RN performed a complete assessment at the same time. Then, the RN got busy with her other patients and did not check on the patient until 1400. At that time, she found the patient unresponsive with a blood glucose of 23. Both the breakfast and lunch tray were at the bedside untouched. Which of the following could the RN be charged with?
- A. Quasi-intentional tort
- B. Misdemeanor
- C. Negligence
- D. Juvenile offense
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Negligence. Negligence involves a breach of duty of care that results in harm or injury to another person. In this scenario, the RN failed to check on the patient for several hours despite administering insulin and knowing the patient's condition. This failure to provide proper monitoring and care directly led to the patient becoming unresponsive with critically low blood glucose levels.
Choice A, quasi-intentional tort, involves intentional actions that result in harm, which is not applicable in this scenario. Choice B, misdemeanor, refers to a criminal offense of a lesser degree, not a charge that would typically apply to this situation. Choice D, juvenile offense, is not relevant as the RN's actions are not related to the age of the individual involved.
Which of the following is a key aspect of transformational leadership?
- A. Maintaining the status quo
- B. Encouraging innovation
- C. Focus on short-term goals
- D. Top-down communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging innovation. Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers to think creatively, embrace change, and strive for continuous improvement. By encouraging innovation, transformational leaders empower their team to challenge the status quo, adapt to new situations, and drive growth and success. This approach fosters a culture of creativity and openness to new ideas, leading to organizational transformation and long-term success.
Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Maintaining the status quo goes against the essence of transformational leadership, which is about driving change and growth.
C: Focus on short-term goals is more aligned with transactional leadership, where the emphasis is on achieving immediate results rather than long-term vision and innovation.
D: Top-down communication is characteristic of traditional, hierarchical leadership styles, whereas transformational leadership emphasizes open and collaborative communication to inspire and engage followers.