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In DSM-IV-TR intellectual disabilities are divided into a number of degrees of severity, depending primarily on the range of IQ score provided by the sufferer. One of these is Moderate Mental Retardation, represented by an IQ score between:
- A. 60-65 - to 70-75
- B. 35-40 to 50-55
- C. 80-85 to 90-95
- D. 20-25 to 30-35
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moderate Mental Retardation: Defined by DSM-IV-TR as an IQ score between 35-40 to 50-55.
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A patient states that unit staff members have been avoiding them since an attempt to self-mutilate. The psychiatric-mental health nurse's most appropriate response is to:
- A. apologize for the staff's behavior
- B. explain that feelings of rejection are typical after self-mutilation
- C. listen, redirect the patient to their feelings, and explore the issue with the staff
- D. report the matter to the nurse manager
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Listening validates the patient, redirecting focuses on their emotions, and exploring with staff addresses care quality.
Which theory of etiology of Alzheimer's disease, suggested by current research, might the nurse use to help a family understand that this disorder is not of psychosocial origin? Alzheimer's disease is associated with:
- A. @-amyloid protein deposits in the brain
- B. Abnormal serotonin reuptake
- C. Excessive acetylcholine in the frontal cortex
- D. Prion infection of gray matter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: @-amyloid protein deposits in the brain. This theory of Alzheimer's etiology is supported by current research, indicating that the accumulation of @-amyloid protein plaques in the brain is a key characteristic of the disease. These plaques lead to neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Option B, abnormal serotonin reuptake, is not associated with Alzheimer's. Option C, excessive acetylcholine in the frontal cortex, is incorrect as Alzheimer's is characterized by acetylcholine deficiency. Option D, prion infection of gray matter, is not linked to Alzheimer's disease. In summary, the presence of @-amyloid protein deposits in the brain is a key feature of Alzheimer's pathology, distinguishing it from psychosocial origins.
A homeless patient diagnosed with a serious mental illness became suspicious and delusional. Depot antipsychotic medication began, and housing was obtained in a local shelter. One month later, which statement by the patient indicates significant improvement?
- A. They will not let me drink. They have many rules in the shelter.'
- B. I feel comfortable here. Nobody bothers me.'
- C. Those shots make my arm very sore.'
- D. Those people watch me a lot.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation of a patients progress is made based on patient satisfaction with the new health status and the health care teams estimation of improvement. For a formerly delusional patient to admit to feeling comfortable and free of being bothered by others denotes improvement in the patients condition. The other options suggest that the patient is in danger of relapse.
A 10-year-old boy is diagnosed with gender dysphoria. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect?
- A. Having tea parties with dolls
- B. A compromised sexual response cycle
- C. Identifying with boys who are athletic
- D. Intense urges to watch his parents have sex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a child with gender dysphoria may display behaviors that align with the gender they identify with, such as engaging in activities typically associated with that gender. Tea parties with dolls may indicate the child's preference for activities stereotypically linked to girls, indicating a mismatch between their assigned gender and gender identity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with typical assessment findings for gender dysphoria in children. B is more related to sexual dysfunction, C is a common behavior for all children, and D is inappropriate and unrelated to the diagnosis of gender dysphoria.
Which of the following is an example of a Specific Learning Disability?
- A. Mental Retardation
- B. Dyslexia
- C. ADHD
- D. Autistic spectrum disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dyslexia: A persistent, chronic condition in which reading ability lags behind that of non-impaired individuals for the course of most of their lifetime.