Nokea
In embryology:
- A. Most defects occur with teratogens in the first 2 weeks post-conception
- B. The urachus becomes the median umbilical ligament
- C. The mesonephric duct becomes the male organs
- D. The thyroid develops from the floor of the primitive larynx
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The urachus becomes the median umbilical ligament. Most defects occur after the first 2 weeks, and the thyroid develops from the floor of the pharynx.
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Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
- A. patients who cannot thrive
- B. patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled between 6 and 24 months
- C. patients with pulmonary vascular disease
- D. patients older than 2 years with a large VSD associated with a Qs ratio greater than 2:1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical closure is not routinely indicated for all VSDs, especially if asymptomatic.
Dome and dart P wave in lead V1 in electrocardiogram is suggestive of which of the following?
- A. Dextrocardia
- B. Left atrial ectopic rhythm
- C. Biatrial enlargement
- D. Mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The dome and dart P wave morphology is characteristic of biatrial enlargement, often seen in conditions like mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation.
Which client has the highest risk for developing skin cancer?
- A. A 16-year old dark-skinned female who tans in tanning beds once a week
- B. A 65 year-old fair-skinned male who is a construction worker
- C. A 25 year-old dark-skinned male whose mother had skin cancer
- D. A 70 year-old fair-skinned female who works as a secretary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fair-skinned individuals with prolonged sun exposure, such as construction workers, are at higher risk for skin cancer.
In statistical methodology:
- A. The median and mean are different when the population distribution is skewed
- B. Mode refers to the value that occurs with the highest frequency
- C. The value of 'r' (coefficient of variation) ranges from -1 to +1
- D. Incidence is defined as the number of cases seen in the population at any given period of time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The median and mean differ in skewed distributions because the mean is influenced by extreme values, while the median is not.
Which therapeutic management should the nurse expect to implement for a child with rheumatic fever?
- A. Administering penicillin
- B. Avoiding salicylates (aspirin)
- C. Imposing strict bed rest for 4 to 6 weeks
- D. Administering corticosteroids if chorea develops
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The goal of medical management is the eradication of the hemolytic streptococci. Penicillin is the drug of choice. Salicylates can be used to control the inflammatory process, especially in the joints, and reduce the fever and discomfort. Bed rest is recommended for the acute febrile stage, but it does not need to be strict. The chorea is transient and will resolve without treatment.