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In learning disabilities, the name for mathematical disorder is:
- A. Dyspraxia
- B. Dyslexia
- C. Dyscalculia
- D. Dysphasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mathematics Disorder (Dyscalculia): A specific learning disability characterised by mathematical ability being substantially below norm for chronological age, intelligence, and educational level.
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A patient with anorexia nervosa is at risk for refeeding syndrome. The nurse should be most concerned with:
- A. Hyperglycemia.
- B. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypophosphatemia.
- C. Increased hunger and overeating.
- D. Rapid weight gain and hypertension.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypophosphatemia. Refeeding syndrome occurs when a malnourished individual receives nutrition too quickly, leading to shifts in electrolytes like phosphate, potassium, and magnesium. Hypophosphatemia is a key concern due to its potential to cause cardiac and respiratory failure. Hyperglycemia (A) may occur but is not the primary concern. Increased hunger and overeating (C) are common symptoms of anorexia nervosa but not directly related to refeeding syndrome. Rapid weight gain and hypertension (D) are potential consequences of refeeding but are not the immediate concern compared to electrolyte imbalances.
The nurse is assessing a client who will be having an orthopedic surgery. The client takes an antipsychotic medication and shares that he has recently started using two herbal preparations for his nerves. The nurse should:
- A. Ask for the specific names of the herbal compounds
- B. Go on to another interview question since herbal compounds are not important
- C. Tell him to stop using the herbal preparations because they are not effective
- D. Explain that his physician will not be happy with his self-prescribing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Asking for the specific names of the herbal compounds is important to assess potential interactions with the antipsychotic medication.
B: Ignoring the herbal compounds could lead to adverse effects or interactions during surgery.
C: Telling him to stop may not be appropriate without knowing the specific compounds and their effects.
D: Discussing the physician's viewpoint is not as crucial as gathering information on potential interactions.
Which of the following is a common physical sign in patients with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Hypotension and bradycardia.
- B. Dental erosion and swollen parotid glands.
- C. Rapid weight gain and increased appetite.
- D. Severe muscle wasting and low body temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dental erosion and swollen parotid glands are common physical signs in patients with bulimia nervosa. Dental erosion is caused by repeated exposure of teeth to stomach acid during purging. Swollen parotid glands result from repeated vomiting. Hypotension and bradycardia (A) are more common in anorexia nervosa. Rapid weight gain and increased appetite (C) are not typical in bulimia nervosa; rather, patients often maintain a normal weight. Severe muscle wasting and low body temperature (D) are not commonly associated with bulimia nervosa.
Joey is a 5-year-old who is causing his parents a lot of concern. His mother reports that he bounces off the walls all the time and cant focus on any one thing for very long. He is impulsive and has recently ran right out into the street in front of the familys home. His teacher has told his parents that he has done similar things at school. The nurse understands that:
- A. Joey shows all the signs of having ADHD and should probably be placed on Ritalin as soon as possible
- B. Joey is just an active, healthy child who needs to be disciplined more effectively
- C. Joey could be autistic, and additional testing will have to be done to confirm the diagnosis
- D. Joey shows signs of having ADHD, but is too young for that diagnosis to be made definitively now
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Definitive diagnosis of ADHD should not be made before age 7 because developmentally the child has a shorter attention span.
The mother of a teenager diagnosed with an eating disorder asks, 'How long will my daughter have this problem?' The nurse answers with the knowledge that:
- A. recovery is usual after one severe episode.
- B. less than 30% show improvement after 5 years.
- C. weight restoration is sufficient for recovery.
- D. long-term therapy combined with medication results in the best outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because long-term therapy combined with medication results in the best outcomes for individuals with eating disorders. Therapy helps address underlying psychological issues, while medication can help manage symptoms. Recovery is a complex process that often requires ongoing support. Choice A is incorrect as recovery is not always guaranteed after one severe episode. Choice B is incorrect as many individuals do show improvement over time. Choice C is incorrect as weight restoration alone may not address all aspects of the disorder.