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In neonates with anomalous total pulmonary venous return and obstruction, the chest x-ray demonstrates
- A. heart enlarged
- B. prominent pulmonary artery
- C. prominent right ventricle
- D. prominent subaortic stenosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prominent subaortic stenosis is not typically seen in TAPVR.
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A male client complains of pain in his right calf, and the nurse determines that his calf is edematous and deep red. What intervention has the highest priority?
- A. Tell the client to remain in bed
- B. Apply warm compresses to the affected leg.
- C. Administer pain medication as prescribed.
- D. Encourage the client to elevate the affected leg.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms suggest deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Bed rest prevents dislodgment of the clot, reducing the risk of pulmonary embolism.
Recurrent headaches in childhood are seen with:
- A. Tension headaches
- B. Migraine
- C. Sinusitis
- D. Hypermetropia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because migraine is a common cause of recurrent headaches in children. The other options (a, c, d, e) are less common or present differently.
During a home visit, the nurse assesses the skin of a client with eczema who reports that an exacerbation of symptoms has occurred during the last week. Which information is most useful in determining the possible cause of the symptoms?
- A. An old friend with eczema came for a visit
- B. Recently received an influenza immunization
- C. A grandson and his new dog recently visited
- D. Corticosteroid cream was applied to eczema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exposure to new allergens, such as a pet, can trigger eczema flare-ups.
A father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart.
- B. Squatting decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart.
- C. Squatting is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic.
- D. Squatting increases the workload of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The squatting position allows the child to breathe more easily because systemic venous return is increased.
In urgent situations of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) when symptoms of severe heart failure have already occurred, the initial management is
- A. adenosine by rapid intravenous push
- B. DC cardioversion
- C. verapamil
- D. digoxin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DC cardioversion is the preferred initial management in hemodynamically unstable SVT.