The Human Reproductive System

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In order for male differentiation to occur during embryonic development, testosterone must be secreted from the testes. What stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development?

  • A. Luteinizing hormone from the maternal pituitary gland
  • B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
  • C. Inhibin from the corpus luteum
  • D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the embryo’s hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development. hCG is produced by the developing embryo and acts on the Leydig cells in the testes to trigger the production of testosterone. This hormone plays a crucial role in male differentiation by promoting the development of male reproductive organs.

A: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the maternal pituitary gland is not involved in the early stages of male differentiation in the embryo. LH is typically involved in the regulation of testosterone production postnatally.

C: Inhibin from the corpus luteum is not involved in the stimulation of testosterone secretion during embryonic development. Inhibin is mainly involved in the negative feedback regulation of FSH secretion.

D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the embryo's hypothalamus is not responsible for directly stimulating testosterone secretion during embryonic development. GnRH regulates the secretion

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Which of the following terms indicate the beginning of the fertile period when gametes are produced and secondary sex characteristics appear?

  • A. Teenage
  • B. Adolescence
  • C. Puberty
  • D. Juvenile
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Puberty. Puberty is the stage of development when gametes are produced and secondary sex characteristics appear, marking the beginning of the fertile period. This period typically occurs between the ages of 10 to 14 in females and 12 to 16 in males.

A: Teenage - Incorrect. Teenage refers to the age range between 13 to 19 and does not specifically indicate the onset of gamete production and secondary sex characteristics.

B: Adolescence - Incorrect. Adolescence is a broader term that encompasses the period from childhood to adulthood, including puberty, but it does not specifically indicate the beginning of the fertile period.

D: Juvenile - Incorrect. Juvenile refers to a young organism that has not reached sexual maturity and does not signify the beginning of gamete production and secondary sex characteristics.

Which of the following reasons should a nurse provide a client when asked about the purpose of a Papanicolaou test?

  • A. It is used to detect early breast cancer.
  • B. It is used to detect early cancer of the Cervix.
  • C. It is used to detect the fertility status of the woman.
  • D. It is used to detect early stages of an STD.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Pap test is specifically designed to detect early cervical cancer.

After arriving for your shift in the emergency department (ED), you receive change-of-shift report about all of these clients. Which one do you need to assess first?

  • A. A 19-year-old client with scrotal swelling and severe pain that has not decreased with elevation of the scrotum.
  • B. A 25-year-old client who has a painless indurated lesion on the glans penis.
  • C. A 44-year-old client with an elevated temperature, chills, and back pain associated with recurrent prostatitis.
  • D. A 77-year-old client with abdominal pain and acute bladder distention.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Severe scrotal pain unrelieved by elevation suggests testicular torsion, a urologic emergency.

How many seminiferous tubules are found in each lobule?

  • A. 1-3
  • B. 50-100
  • C. 200-300
  • D. 500 or more
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (50-100) because each lobule in the testis contains multiple seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. The average number of seminiferous tubules per lobule ranges from 50 to 100. This is supported by anatomical studies and research on testicular structure.

Explanation:
A: 1-3 - This is too low as each lobule contains more seminiferous tubules for efficient sperm production.
C: 200-300 - This is too high as it overestimates the number of seminiferous tubules per lobule.
D: 500 or more - This is excessive and not accurate based on scientific findings.

In summary, choice B is correct because it accurately reflects the typical range of seminiferous tubules per lobule, while the other choices either underestimate or overestimate this number.

Which diagnostic study is recommended for high-risk clients in addition to mammography?

  • A. Breast biopsy
  • B. MRI
  • C. Ultrasound
  • D. CT scan
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: MRI is often recommended for high-risk clients as an additional diagnostic tool.

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