Nokea
In order for milk to flow from the nipple of the mother into the mouth of the nursing infant, which of the following must occur?
- A. Myoepithelial cells must relax
- B. Prolactin levels must fall
- C. Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary must take place
- D. The baby’s mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because oxytocin is responsible for stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the alveoli in the mammary glands, causing milk ejection. This process is known as the let-down reflex. In contrast, choice A (myoepithelial cells must relax) is incorrect because they need to contract to push milk out. Choice B (prolactin levels must fall) is incorrect because prolactin is responsible for milk production, not milk ejection. Choice D (the baby's mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple) is incorrect because it is the mother's hormone release, not the baby's action, that causes milk flow.
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The crackling sound that is produced from bones rubbing against each other is termed as
- A. Rales
- B. Crepitations
- C. Crackles
- D. Vibration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crepitations. Crepitations refer to the crackling sound produced by bones rubbing against each other. Rales (A) are abnormal lung sounds, Crackles (C) are fine crackling sounds heard in the lungs, and Vibration (D) is not a term related to bone sounds. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it specifically describes the bone-related sound mentioned in the question.
The first polar body appears in the:
- A. primary oocyte just before ovulation
- B. primary oocyte after birth
- C. secondary oocyte after fertilization
- D. primary oocyte before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the first polar body is formed during the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte before birth. The primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I to form the secondary oocyte and the first polar body. This process occurs during fetal development, not after birth.
Choice A is incorrect because the primary oocyte completes meiosis I to form the secondary oocyte and the first polar body before ovulation.
Choice B is incorrect because the primary oocyte forms the first polar body before birth, not after birth.
Choice C is incorrect because the first polar body is formed during meiosis I of the primary oocyte, not after fertilization.
A client is concerned about her irregular menstrual periods since she has increased her daily workouts at the gym to 2 hours each day. What is the nurses best response?
- A. Do you want to talk about the need for that much exercise?
- B. Exercise is healthy but can decrease body fat and cause irregular periods. Test Bank - Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 9e 588
- C. Bingeing and purging can cause electrolyte problems in your body.
- D. Anorexic behavior can result in decreased estrogen levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Increasing exercise intensity can lead to decreased body fat percentage, impacting hormonal balance and causing irregular periods. This is known as athletic amenorrhea. Choice A is incorrect as it does not address the physiological impact of excessive exercise on menstrual cycles. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they refer to eating disorder behaviors, which are not directly related to the client's concern of irregular periods due to increased exercise.
Testosterone is secreted by the following structures, EXCEPT:
- A. prostate;
- B. testicular interstitial cells;
- C. seminiferous tubules;
- D. straight tubules;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: prostate. Testosterone is primarily secreted by the testicular interstitial cells (Leydig cells) in the testes. The seminiferous tubules are responsible for spermatogenesis, not testosterone secretion. Straight tubules are involved in transporting sperm. The prostate gland produces prostatic fluid, not testosterone. Therefore, the prostate is not a structure that secretes testosterone.
The mature follicle is also called a _____.
- A. Graafian follicle
- B. granulosa cell
- C. primary follicle
- D. secondary follicle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Graafian follicle. The mature follicle is called a Graafian follicle because it is the final stage of follicle development before ovulation. It is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity containing the oocyte. The other choices are incorrect because a granulosa cell is a type of cell found in the follicle wall, a primary follicle is an immature follicle, and a secondary follicle is an intermediate stage between the primary and Graafian follicle.