Nokea
In our culturally diverse society, barriers to health care result from:
- A. Prejudice
- B. Different socioeconomic status
- C. Differences in language
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Prejudice can lead to discrimination in healthcare access. Different socioeconomic status can limit affordability of healthcare services. Differences in language can hinder effective communication and understanding of healthcare information. All three factors contribute to barriers in healthcare access, affecting individuals from diverse backgrounds. By selecting D, we acknowledge the multifaceted nature of barriers to healthcare in a culturally diverse society.
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When considering virtue ethics, which of the following is true?
- A. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to moral rules.
- B. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to knowledge of consequences.
- C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
- D. Virtue ethics is a formal statement of rules for behavior.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because virtue ethics focuses on developing moral character rather than following strict rules. Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivating good habits and virtues to guide behavior. This approach values the inherent qualities of a person rather than relying on external rules or consequences. Option A is incorrect as virtue ethics does not rely on fixed moral rules. Option B is incorrect as virtue ethics does not base behavior solely on knowledge of consequences. Option D is incorrect as virtue ethics does not provide a formal statement of rules but rather encourages individuals to embody virtuous traits.
Which of the following can cause negative effects on decision making among groups?
- A. Rationalization
- B. Groupthink
- C. Risky shift
- D. Dialectical inquiry
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Groupthink can cause negative effects on decision making among groups as it involves prioritizing harmony and conformity over critical evaluation of alternatives. This can lead to group members suppressing dissenting opinions and making hasty decisions without considering all perspectives. Rationalization, risky shift, and dialectical inquiry do not specifically focus on the negative impact of group dynamics on decision making like groupthink does.
Which of the following best describes the role of a nurse leader?
- A. Managing patient care directly
- B. Enforcing healthcare policies
- C. Inspiring and motivating the healthcare team
- D. Ensuring regulatory compliance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inspiring and motivating the healthcare team. A nurse leader's role involves guiding, supporting, and empowering their team to provide high-quality care. Inspiring and motivating the team helps improve morale, teamwork, and ultimately patient outcomes. Managing patient care directly (A) is typically the responsibility of staff nurses, not nurse leaders. Enforcing healthcare policies (B) is important, but it is not the primary role of a nurse leader. Ensuring regulatory compliance (D) is crucial, but it is a shared responsibility among healthcare professionals and not exclusive to nurse leaders.
1. To monitor for complications in a patient with type 2 diabetes, which tests will the nurse in the diabetic clinic schedule at least annually (select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Serum creatinine
- C. Chest x-ray
- D. Urine for microalbuminuria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for correct answer (C):
1. Chest x-ray is not routinely recommended for monitoring complications of type 2 diabetes.
2. Annual blood pressure monitoring is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
3. Serum creatinine test helps evaluate kidney function, which is often impaired in diabetes.
4. Urine microalbuminuria test detects early signs of kidney damage, common in diabetes.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Blood pressure monitoring is essential for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
B: Serum creatinine test is important for evaluating kidney function in diabetic patients.
D: Urine microalbuminuria test helps detect early kidney damage in diabetes.
The staff nurse is experiencing what type of conflict when the babysitter calls to cancel on the day of an important committee meeting?
- A. Intergroup conflict
- B. Perceived conflict
- C. Role conflict
- D. Structural conflict
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Role conflict. Role conflict occurs when there are conflicting demands from different roles a person holds. In this scenario, the staff nurse faces a conflict between her roles as a nurse and as a committee member due to the babysitter canceling. The nurse must now balance attending the meeting and finding alternative childcare. Intergroup conflict (A) involves conflicts between different groups, not roles. Perceived conflict (B) refers to the perception of conflict, not conflicting roles. Structural conflict (D) involves conflicts within an organization's structure, not conflicting roles.