Chronic Disease Questions

Chronic Disease Questions Related

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In patients who are awake during craniotomy, appropriate statements include:

  • A. For a temporal lesion, neurosurgeons are likely to require the sitting position.
  • B. A tracheal tube is likely to be used.
  • C. A urinary catheter is likely to be inserted.
  • D. Intraoperative seizures are likely to occur during cortical mapping.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Awake craniotomy allows functional mapping and patient cooperation. The sitting position is rare due to air embolism risks and is not specific to temporal lesions; supine or lateral positions are standard. A tracheal tube is avoided to maintain airway control via less invasive means (e.g., nasal cannula), as patients must remain responsive. A urinary catheter is routine for longer procedures to manage fluid balance and patient comfort, given immobility and duration. Patient anxiety is common but manageable, not an absolute contraindication. Seizures can occur during cortical mapping due to electrical stimulation, but likely' overstates frequency; they're a risk, not a certainty. The urinary catheter's inclusion reflects practical perioperative care, ensuring monitoring and comfort without interrupting the procedure's focus on brain function preservation.

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When educating a female client on the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction, the nurse recognizes which of the following should be included in the teaching?

  • A. Pain usually resolves with rest and relaxation
  • B. Older adults and women often present with atypical signs and symptoms
  • C. Women experience intermittent claudication
  • D. Substernal chest pain is the most common symptom in women
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: MI in women skews odd fatigue, nausea, not just chest pain, hit older females especially, a teaching must as atypical signs delay care. Rest eases angina, not MI. Claudication's PAD, not heart. Substernal pain's common, less so in women. Nurses stress this quirk, boosting recognition in this sneaky killer.

A chemotherapeutic agent that is classified as a vesicant is capable of what effect if deposited into subcutaneous tissue?

  • A. Tissue necrosis, damage to tendons, nerves and blood vessels
  • B. Mild discomfort
  • C. Bruising and paraesthesia
  • D. No side effects
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Vesicants like doxorubicin chew tissue necrosis, nerve-tendon wreck if leaked, not mild or nil. Nurses dread this, a chronic chemo spill.

The hospice nurse is caring for a patient with cancer in her home. The nurse has explained to the patient and the family that the patient is at risk for hypercalcemia and has educated them on that signs and symptoms of this health problem. What else should the nurse teach this patient and family to do to reduce the patient's risk of hypercalcemia?

  • A. Stool softeners are contraindicated
  • B. Laxatives should be taken daily
  • C. Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily
  • D. Restrict calcium intake
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypercalcemia cancer's bone breakdown gift needs hydration (2-4 L/day) to flush calcium through kidneys, unless heart or renal issues say no. Stool softeners and laxatives fight constipation (a symptom), not the cause, and aren't contraindicated. Cutting calcium's pointless tumors, not diet, spike it. Nurses in hospice drill this, balancing fluid push with symptom watch (confusion, thirst), keeping comfort king in late-stage oncology care.

A 44 year old man with type 2 DM and hyperlipidemia is currently taking daily simvastatin 40 mg. His lipid profile repeated 12 weeks after treatment shows the following results: Total cholesterol 4.2 mmol/L, HDL-cholesterol 0.9 mmol/L, LDL-cholesterol 2.2 mmol/L, Triglyceride 2.4 mmol/L. Which lipid regulating drug should be MOST appropriately added?

  • A. Colestyramine
  • B. Omega 3 fatty acid
  • C. Fenofibrate
  • D. Nicotinic acid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Simvastatin's cut LDL to 2.2, but triglycerides linger at 2.4 above 1.7's ideal and HDL's low at 0.9. Fenofibrate slashes triglycerides, lifts HDL, a perfect next step for this type 2 mix. Colestyramine binds bile, not triglycerides; omega-3 helps less here; nicotinic acid's harsh; ezetimibe's LDL focus misses. Nurses see this combo statin plus fibrate as a chronic lipid tune-up, dodging heart risks tied to diabetes.

The client is admitted for heart failure and has edema, neck vein distension, and ascites. What is the most accurate way to monitor fluid gain or loss in this client?

  • A. Auscultate the lungs for crackles or wheezing
  • B. Weigh the client daily at the same time with the same scale
  • C. Check for pitting edema in the dependent body parts
  • D. Assess skin turgor and the condition of mucus membranes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Heart failure's fluid dance edema, JVD, ascites needs precise tracking. Daily weights, same time, same scale, catch 1 kg shifts (1 L fluid), the gold standard for gain or loss, outpacing lung sounds' subjectivity. Edema checks or turgor gauge trends, less exact. Nurses weigh in, ensuring diuretic tweaks hit the mark, a reliable ruler in this swollen saga.

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