HESI A2 Physics

HESI A2 Physics Related

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In physics, the relationship between acceleration and force is expressed in ___________.

  • A. Newton's first law of motion
  • B. Newton's second law of motion
  • C. Newton's third law of motion
  • D. none of Newton's laws of motion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The relationship between acceleration and force is expressed in Newton's second law of motion. This law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass. Mathematically, this relationship is represented as F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. Choice A, Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. Choice C, Newton's third law of motion, states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, focusing on the interaction between two objects. Choice D is incorrect because the relationship between acceleration and force is indeed described by one of Newton's laws of motion, specifically the second law.

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An airplane travels 500 miles northeast and then, on the return trip, travels 500 miles southwest. Which of the following is true?

  • A. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
  • B. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.
  • C. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
  • D. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The displacement of an object is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point, regardless of the path taken. In this case, the airplane returns to its original position after traveling 500 miles northeast and then 500 miles southwest. Therefore, the displacement is 0 miles. However, the distance traveled is the total path covered, which is 500 miles northeast plus 500 miles southwest, for a total of 1,000 miles. Choice A is incorrect because the displacement is not the sum of the distances traveled. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 1,000 miles. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 0 miles, which is not the case.

A closed system undergoes a cyclic process, returning to its initial state. What can be said about the net work done (Wnet) by the system over the entire cycle?

  • A. Wnet is always positive.
  • B. Wnet is always negative.
  • C. Wnet can be positive, negative, or zero.
  • D. Wnet is equal to the total heat transferred into the system (dQ ≠ 0 for a cycle).
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For a closed system undergoing a cyclic process and returning to its initial state, the net work done (Wnet) over the entire cycle can be positive, negative, or zero. This is because the work done is determined by the area enclosed by the cycle on a P-V diagram, and this area can be above, below, or intersecting the zero work axis, leading to positive, negative, or zero net work done. Choice A is incorrect because Wnet is not always positive; it depends on the specific path taken on the P-V diagram. Choice B is incorrect as Wnet is not always negative; it varies based on the enclosed area. Choice D is incorrect because Wnet is not necessarily equal to the total heat transferred into the system; it depends on the specifics of the cycle and is not a direct relationship.

A box is moved by a 15 N force over a distance of 3 m. What is the amount of work that has been done?

  • A. 5 W
  • B. 5 Nâ‹…m
  • C. 45 W
  • D. 45 Nâ‹…m
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Work done is calculated using the formula: Work = Force x Distance. In this case, the force applied is 15 N and the distance covered is 3 m. Thus, work done = 15 N x 3 m = 45 Nâ‹…m. Therefore, the correct answer is 45 Nâ‹…m. Choice A (5 W) is incorrect because work is measured in joules (J) or newton-meters (Nâ‹…m), not in watts (W). Choice B (5 Nâ‹…m) is incorrect as it miscalculates the work by not multiplying the force by the distance. Choice C (45 W) is incorrect because work is not measured in watts (W) but in newton-meters (Nâ‹…m).

Four 5 V batteries are connected in series. What is the total voltage of the circuit?

  • A. 5.0 V
  • B. 10.0 V
  • C. 15.0 V
  • D. 20.0 V
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When batteries are connected in series, their voltages add up. Therefore, the total voltage of the circuit with four 5 V batteries connected in series will be 5 V + 5 V + 5 V + 5 V = 20 V. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the voltages of the batteries add up in series, resulting in a total of 20 V.

A 110-volt hair dryer delivers 1,525 watts of power. How many amperes does it draw?

  • A. 167.75 amperes
  • B. 1.635 amperes
  • C. 1.415 amperes
  • D. 13.9 amperes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To determine the amperes drawn by the hair dryer, we use the formula: Amperes = Watts / Volts. The hair dryer operates at 1,525 watts with 110 volts. Dividing 1,525 watts by 110 volts yields 13.9 amperes. Therefore, the correct answer is 13.9 amperes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not result from the correct calculation using the formula.

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