Nokea
In providing health teaching to the famil, Nurse Emma would include in her teachings the etioology of Scabies which is __________.
- A. virus
- B. bacteria
- C. fungi
- D. Parasite
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scabies is caused by an infestation of the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasitic mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays eggs and causes intense itching and skin irritation. The transmission of scabies usually occurs through close and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. Unlike viruses, bacteria, and fungi, which are microorganisms that can also cause skin infections, scabies specifically refers to an infestation by a parasitic mite.
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A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. On examination, there is neck stiffness and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Meningitis
- B. Subdural hematoma
- C. Intracerebral hemorrhage
- D. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms described - sudden-onset severe headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, neck stiffness, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs - are classic manifestations of meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, often caused by infection. The sudden onset of these symptoms and signs, along with neck stiffness and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs (indicative of meningeal irritation), strongly suggest meningitis as the most likely diagnosis in this scenario.
A confused client who fell out of bed because side rails were not used is an example of which type of liability?
- A. Felony
- B. Battery
- C. Assault
- D. Negligence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Negligence is the failure to take proper care in doing something, which results in harm or injury to someone else. In this scenario, the client falling out of bed because side rails were not used indicates a lack of proper care or attention by the staff or caregiver responsible for the client. It shows a failure to protect the client from harm, which aligns with the definition of negligence. This situation does not fit the definitions of a felony, battery, or assault.
A patient presents with fatigue, weakness, and jaundice. Laboratory tests reveal elevated indirect bilirubin levels, reticulocytosis, and positive Coombs test. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Hereditary spherocytosis
- B. Thalassemia
- C. Sickle cell disease
- D. G6PD deficiency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation of fatigue, weakness, jaundice, elevated indirect bilirubin levels, reticulocytosis, and positive Coombs test is consistent with hemolytic anemia. Among the options provided, hereditary spherocytosis is the most likely condition to cause these findings.
Which of the following is a primary consideration in planning for her care?
- A. To prevent problems related to immobility
- B. To prevent infection
- C. Planning for client`s eventual inability communicate
- D. To prevent complications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When planning for a client's care, a primary consideration is to prevent problems related to immobility. Immobility can lead to a range of complications such as pressure ulcers, muscle weakness, joint contractures, and decreased circulation. To maintain the client's overall health and well-being, it is essential to address mobility issues and implement strategies to prevent complications associated with immobility. By prioritizing interventions that promote movement and prevent immobility-related problems, the client's quality of life can be improved and potential health risks mitigated.
A patient presents with urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia. On physical examination, there is enlargement of the prostate gland with a smooth, firm consistency on digital rectal examination (DRE). Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- B. Prostate cancer
- C. Prostatitis
- D. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia along with prostate enlargement with a smooth, firm consistency on digital rectal examination (DRE) is classic for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a common condition in aging men characterized by non-malignant growth of the prostate gland, which can cause varying degrees of lower urinary tract symptoms due to obstruction of the urethra. In contrast, prostate cancer typically presents with findings like an asymmetric, hard, or nodular prostate on DRE, while prostatitis presents with symptoms like fever, perineal pain, and systemic symptoms. Urinary tract infection (UTI) may present with dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain, but it does not usually cause prostate enlargement.