Nokea
In some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public. This makes it clear that judgments of the normality of behavior are
- A. culturally relative
- B. statistical
- C. a matter of subjective discomfort
- D. related to conformity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normality varies by culture, as behaviors acceptable in one society may be abnormal in another.
You may also like to solve these questions
Police bring a 63-year-old woman to the emergency room, reporting that her behavior is disorganized and disruptive, that her speech makes little sense, and that she does not seem able to take care of herself. The woman has had elective surgeries at the hospital previously and was seen in the ER last week after a fall; records show no history of similar symptoms or mental illness. The ER physician speaks with the patient but does not examine her medically, diagnoses her with schizophrenia, and orders admission to the inpatient psychiatric unit. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Ask another physician with more of an interest in psychiatry to also take a look at this patient, explaining that you just want to be as thorough as possible.
- B. Suggest that a psychiatric consult be requested before admitting the patient to a psychiatric unit, to validate the diagnosis and speed the initiation of medication.
- C. Remind the physician that schizophrenia usually develops earlier in life, that such presentations may be caused by medical problems, and suggest a medical work-up.
- D. Note that the patient's blood pressure and respirations were elevated when she arrived, and suggest that they be evaluated before admitting the patient to the psychiatric unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates critical thinking and patient advocacy. By reminding the physician that schizophrenia typically develops earlier in life and suggesting a medical work-up, the nurse is advocating for a comprehensive approach to ruling out potential medical causes for the patient's symptoms before jumping to a psychiatric diagnosis. This approach aligns with best practices in patient care and ensures that all possible underlying causes are considered and addressed appropriately.
Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the need for a medical work-up to rule out physical causes of the symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on validating the diagnosis and initiating medication rather than investigating potential medical issues. Choice D is incorrect as it only addresses the patient's vital signs, overlooking the need for a thorough medical evaluation.
Which statement would indicate the use and abuse of power in a violent family situation?
- A. I admit I was mad and yelling and swinging my fists in the air, but I wasn't trying to hit our child. I was letting off some steam. My spouse just overreacted.'
- B. When she found out I watched television instead of taking the kids to the park, she starting yelling about how I don't care about the kids. She has no right to get mad at me. I should have some time to myself.'
- C. I thought he would like this new recipe. I should have known better. I will not do that again. He was right. He works all day and should come home to a good meal that he can enjoy. It's not too much to ask of a wife.'
- D. All I did was tell him I need some money. I can't understand why he can't just give me what I need. I stay home and take care of his house and kids, and I have to almost beg before he gives me money to spend on myself.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects an imbalance of power within the family dynamic. The statement indicates an acceptance of blame and a submissive attitude, suggesting a power dynamic where one person feels the need to please and appease the other. This behavior can indicate an abuse of power by the dominant individual, leading to a controlling and potentially manipulative relationship.
In contrast, the other choices do not clearly demonstrate an abuse of power. Choice A shows anger management issues but does not necessarily indicate a power dynamic. Choice B focuses on a disagreement over parenting responsibilities rather than a power struggle. Choice D highlights financial disagreements but does not explicitly show an abuse of power.
Therefore, Choice C is the most indicative of power abuse in a family situation.
The treatment team implements a behavior modification approach using a contract for a client with antisocial personality disorder. An expected outcome of this approach is that client will:
- A. Learn how to avoid punishment
- B. Explain why he breaks rules
- C. Comply with behaviors specified in the contract
- D. Develop empathy in interpersonal contacts with peers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because compliance with the behaviors specified in the contract is a key goal of behavior modification. This outcome focuses on specific, observable behaviors that the client agrees to follow. This approach helps in setting clear expectations and consequences, which is beneficial for individuals with antisocial personality disorder.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Learning how to avoid punishment may not necessarily lead to behavior change or compliance with the contract terms.
B: Explaining why he breaks rules may not necessarily result in actual behavior change or adherence to the contract.
D: Developing empathy is a more complex and long-term goal that may not directly relate to compliance with the contract terms.
The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:
- A. medulla and cortex.
- B. cerebellum and cerebrum.
- C. hypothalamus and medulla.
- D. prefrontal and limbic cortices.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, planning, and social behavior, functions commonly impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex regulates emotions and memory, areas affected in schizophrenia. Medulla (A, C) controls basic functions like breathing, not implicated in schizophrenia. Cerebellum (B) coordinates movement, unrelated to schizophrenia. Hypothalamus (C) regulates hormones, not directly linked to schizophrenia. In summary, D is correct as prefrontal and limbic cortices are key brain regions affected in schizophrenia, while the other choices are not directly involved in the disorder.
A nursing intervention that will be planned to occur early in the nurse-patient relationship with a client with an eating disorder is:
- A. formulating a nurse-client contract.
- B. using confrontation to attack denial.
- C. placing the client in a therapeutic group.
- D. attacking enmeshment by separating client and family.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: formulating a nurse-client contract. This intervention is essential early in the nurse-patient relationship with a client with an eating disorder because it establishes clear boundaries, roles, and expectations. By creating a contract, both the nurse and the client can communicate openly about their goals, responsibilities, and treatment plan. This helps build trust, promotes collaboration, and provides a framework for the therapeutic relationship.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Using confrontation to attack denial may be counterproductive and harmful in the early stages of the relationship as it can lead to resistance and damage trust.
C: Placing the client in a therapeutic group may be beneficial at a later stage but not necessarily an appropriate early intervention when individual needs should be addressed first.
D: Attacking enmeshment by separating client and family is not a suitable early intervention as it may cause distress and disrupt important support systems.