Nokea
In stomach after physical and chemical digestion food is called:-
- A. Chyme
- B. Chyle
- C. Amino acid
- D. Bolus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food in the stomach after digestion is called chyme.
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How is food processed to distribute nutrients to the body's cells?
- A. Ingested, digested, absorbed, assimilated
- B. Absorbed directly from the mouth
- C. Excreted immediately
- D. Stored in the stomach indefinitely
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food is ingested (taken in), digested (broken down), absorbed (taken into blood), and assimilated (distributed to cells).
Saliva contains two enzymes. What are they?
- A. Amylase and pepsin
- B. Amylase and lysozyme
- C. Amylase and lipase
- D. Amylase and renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saliva contains salivary amylase (ptyalin) for starch digestion and lysozyme for antibacterial action. Pepsin is in the stomach, lipase is mainly pancreatic, and renin is unrelated to saliva.
A 55-year-old male presents with a history of recurring episodes of gastric pain, particularly after meals. He describes the pain as a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, which improves with antiacid use. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveals erosions in the duodenal mucosa. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Gastric ulcer
- B. Duodenal ulcer
- C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D. Gastric adenocarcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal ulcers typically present with burning epigastric pain after meals, relieved by antacids, and are associated with mucosal erosions in the duodenum, as seen on endoscopy.
Secretin is a hormone that:
- A. stimulates the release of pancreatic fluid
- B. converts trypsinogen into trypsin
- C. activates chymotrypsin
- D. inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluids to neutralize stomach acid.
What waste does the integumentary system remove from the body?
- A. liquid waste
- B. carbon dioxide
- C. salt and water
- D. urea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The integumentary system, via sweat glands, removes salt and water through perspiration.