Nokea
In the care of families, crisis intervention is an important part of _____.
- A. Secondary prevention
- B. Primary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crisis intervention is an important part of secondary prevention in the care of families. Secondary prevention involves activities that aim to reduce the impact of a crisis or event that has already occurred. Crisis intervention provides immediate support and strategies to help families cope with and overcome a crisis situation. By addressing the crisis quickly and effectively, secondary prevention can help prevent further negative outcomes and promote the well-being of the family members.
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Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by a localized collection of pus resulting from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is characterized by a localized collection of pus that results from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp, leading to swelling, pain, and inflammation. The infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the tooth through a cavity, crack, or other dental injury. The abscess can cause significant pain and discomfort and must be treated promptly by a dentist to prevent further complications. Dental caries refer to tooth decay or cavities that result from the breakdown of tooth structure by acids produced by bacteria. Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports the teeth. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat.
Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find in the client with rhinitis?
- A. Nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and sneezing
- B. Headache, sore throat and sneezing
- C. Nasal congestion, pyrexic and rhinorrhea
- D. Nasal congestion, headache and sore throat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and common clinical manifestations include nasal congestion (blockage or stuffiness), rhinorrhea (runny nose), and sneezing. These symptoms are often present in both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. While headaches, sore throat, and fever can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to rhinitis as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing.
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with weakness, anorexia, and confusion. Laboratory tests reveal severe anemia, low reticulocyte count, elevated serum creatinine, and decreased erythropoietin levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Anemia of chronic disease
- B. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- D. Renal failure-associated anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The clinical presentation of a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting with weakness, anorexia, confusion, severe anemia, low reticulocyte count, elevated serum creatinine, and decreased erythropoietin levels is most consistent with renal failure-associated anemia. In CKD, the kidneys are unable to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin, a hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. The decreased erythropoietin levels lead to a state of anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin levels and subsequent symptoms of fatigue and weakness. The anemia in renal failure is typically normocytic and normochromic. Additionally, the elevated serum creatinine in this patient is a hallmark of kidney dysfunction.
A cognitive assessment of Belle indicated that according to Piaget's theory she was functioning at the concrete operational stage. Which of these behaviors would the nurse observe in Belle?
- A. Thinks logically and sees possibilities.
- B. Understands only her own viewpoint.
- C. Feels her own reasoning should agree with the reasoning of others.
- D. Makes and tests hypothesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At the concrete operational stage according to Piaget's theory, children typically demonstrate logical thinking abilities and are able to understand and work with concrete objects and events. They can also grasp concepts such as conservation and classification. These children are able to think logically about concrete events but may still struggle with abstract and hypothetical situations. Therefore, Belle, functioning at the concrete operational stage, would exhibit behaviors such as thinking logically and being able to see possibilities, as described in option A.
A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Peripheral edema
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers are often prescribed for the management of hypertension because they can help relax blood vessels and slow the heart rate, thus reducing blood pressure. One of the major adverse effects associated with calcium channel blockers is bradycardia (slow heart rate) or even more rarely, tachycardia (fast heart rate). Therefore, in a patient prescribed a calcium channel blocker for hypertension, the nurse should closely monitor for any signs and symptoms of tachycardia as it can be a serious adverse effect that needs prompt evaluation and intervention to prevent complications.