Nokea
In the care of patients with communicable diseases, Nurse Keena should know that feces, urine, blood and other body fluids are considered as ______.
- A. Portal of entry
- B. Reservoir of agent
- C. Vehicles of transmission
- D. Portal of exit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Feces, urine, blood, and other body fluids are considered as vehicles of transmission in the context of communicable diseases. These substances can carry and transmit disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites from infected individuals to others. Through close contact or exposure to these contaminated body fluids, the pathogens can enter the body of another person and cause infection. Nurses like Nurse Keena must exercise caution and use appropriate infection control measures to prevent transmission of communicable diseases through these vehicles.
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What is the first step in the management of a chemical splash to the eyes?
- A. Irrigate the eyes with clean water.
- B. Instill antibiotic eye drops.
- C. Cover both eyes with a sterile dressing.
- D. Assess visual acuity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first step in the management of a chemical splash to the eyes is to irrigate the eyes with clean water. Flushing the affected eye with water helps to remove the chemical and minimize any potential injury. It is important to continue irrigation for at least 15-20 minutes to ensure thorough removal of the chemical. This prompt action can help prevent further damage to the eye and surrounding tissue. It is crucial to remember not to delay irrigation to seek medical advice first, as immediate irrigation is vital in such situations. After irrigating the eyes, further assessment and treatment can be carried out based on the severity of the injury.
Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia?
- A. Administration of high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula
- B. Initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
- C. Nebulized albuterol/ipratropium combination therapy
- D. Intravenous corticosteroid therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia, the most appropriate intervention is to initiate non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NIPPV can help improve ventilation, decrease work of breathing, and correct hypoxemia by providing positive pressure to keep the airways open, reduce air trapping, and increase the elimination of carbon dioxide. This intervention can help improve oxygenation and reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe asthma exacerbations. Administering high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula alone may not provide enough support for patients with severe respiratory distress. Nebulized albuterol/ipratropium combination therapy and intravenous corticosteroid therapy are also important treatments for asthma exacerbations but are not the first-line interventions for patients with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia.
One of the post-caesarian patients has a private duty nurse and is responsible for providing holistic care to her patient during the shift. What modality of nursing care is implemented?
- A. Primary
- B. Total care
- C. Team
- D. Functional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Total care nursing is a nursing care delivery model where one nurse is assigned to provide comprehensive care to a patient for an entire shift. In this case, the private duty nurse is providing holistic care to the post-caesarian patient during the shift, which aligns with the principles of total care nursing. This approach allows the nurse to focus on the individual needs of the patient and provide all aspects of care, promoting continuity and personalized attention. Total care nursing ensures that the patient receives consistent and dedicated care from the same nurse, enhancing the patient's overall experience and outcomes.
Lillian asks the nurse the cause of this ailment. Which of the following would the nurse explain as predisposing factors of mastitis? (Select all that apply) I. Milk stasis II. Nipple trauma III. Using alcohol in cleaning nipples IV. Baby 's sitting position
- A. II and IV
- B. I and II
- C. I and IV
- D. II and III
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mastitis is typically caused by bacterial infection, with predisposing factors including milk stasis (I) and nipple trauma (II). Milk stasis occurs when milk is not effectively removed from the breast, leading to a build-up that can block ducts and predispose to infection. Nipple trauma, such as cracks or damage, can provide entry points for bacteria to infect the breast tissue. Factors like using alcohol in cleaning nipples (III) and the baby's sitting position (IV) are not directly associated with the development of mastitis.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by a localized collection of pus resulting from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is characterized by a localized collection of pus that results from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp, leading to swelling, pain, and inflammation. The infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the tooth through a cavity, crack, or other dental injury. The abscess can cause significant pain and discomfort and must be treated promptly by a dentist to prevent further complications. Dental caries refer to tooth decay or cavities that result from the breakdown of tooth structure by acids produced by bacteria. Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports the teeth. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat.