In the presence of picrotoxin, diazepam is less efficacious at causing sedation, regardless of the dose. Picrotoxin by it self has no sedative effect even at the highest dose. Which of the following is correct?
- A. Picrotoxin is not a competitive antagonist
- B. Diazepam is a full agonist, and picrotoxin is a partial agonist
- C. Diazepam is less efficacious than is picrotoxin
- D. Diazepam is less potent than is picrotoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Picrotoxin reduces diazepam's maximal effect (efficacy), not potency, indicating noncompetitive antagonism.
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Which of the following is natural mineralcorticoid:
- A. Methylprednisolone
- B. Betamethasone
- C. Triamcinolone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is the natural mineralocorticoid regulating sodium and potassium balance.
Dopamine is:
- A. Alpha and beta agonist
- B. Beta agonist
- C. A beta blocking agent
- D. Alpha blocking agent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dopamine activates alpha and beta receptors.
When taken with aminoglycosides, platinum chemotherapy or cyclosporin increase the risk of
- A. Kidney damage
- B. Ototoxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Platinum chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin) and cyclosporin both potentiate aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, increasing kidney damage risk.
A patient on imipenem/cilastatin is at risk for which adverse effect?
- A. Allergic reaction
- B. Seizures
- C. C. difficile infection
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Imipenem/cilastatin can cause allergic reactions, seizures (neurotoxicity), and C. difficile infection, making all potential risks.
Which of the following drugs is used for the management of atropine intoxication?
- A. Physostigmine
- B. Neostigmine
- C. Endrophonium
- D. Donepezil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, crosses the BBB to reverse atropine's central effects.
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