Nokea
In the treatment of an infected hematoma, which of the following is NOT recommended?
- A. Incision and drainage
- B. Systemic antibiotics
- C. A and B
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin E is not a standard treatment for infected hematomas. The primary interventions for infected hematomas typically involve incision and drainage to remove infected fluid and debris, along with the administration of systemic antibiotics to combat the infection. Vitamin E does not play a significant role in the treatment of infected hematomas and is therefore not recommended as a primary treatment option. Choice A (Incision and drainage) and Choice B (Systemic antibiotics) are recommended treatments for infected hematomas as they help in removing infected fluid and combating the infection, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Vitamin E.
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To prevent diarrhea in children, a vaccine is available against which of the following?
- A. Adenovirus
- B. Rotavirus
- C. Enterovirus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - Rotavirus. Rotavirus vaccine is available to prevent diarrhea in children. Rotavirus is a common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children globally, and vaccination has been shown to be effective in reducing the burden of this disease. Choices A and C are incorrect because there is no specific vaccine available for Adenovirus or Enterovirus to prevent diarrhea in children. Choice D is incorrect because while vaccines are available for some viruses that can cause diarrhea in children, not all mentioned in the choices have a specific vaccine available.
Which of the following are clinical types of diarrhoea EXCEPT?
- A. Acute watery
- B. Bloody diarrhoea
- C. Persistent diarrhoea
- D. Secretory diarrhoea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secretory diarrhoea is not a clinical type but a distinct mechanism of diarrhoea characterized by increased electrolyte secretion. Acute watery, bloody, and persistent diarrhoea are recognized clinical types associated with different underlying causes and pathophysiologies. Acute watery diarrhoea is common in infectious gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhoea can be caused by inflammatory conditions or infections, and persistent diarrhoea typically lasts for more than 14 days due to various reasons like infections, malabsorption, or inflammatory bowel diseases.
The healthcare provider is assessing a postpartum client who is 1 day post-delivery. Which finding would require immediate intervention?
- A. Lochia rubra with a few small clots
- B. Fundus firm and midline
- C. Temperature of 100.4°F (38°C)
- D. Saturated perineal pad in 15 minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A saturated perineal pad in 15 minutes indicates excessive bleeding, known as postpartum hemorrhage, which is a critical condition requiring immediate intervention to prevent further complications like hypovolemic shock. Monitoring and managing postpartum bleeding are crucial in the early postpartum period to ensure the client's safety and well-being. The other options are normal postpartum findings: lochia rubra with a few small clots is expected in the early postpartum period, a firm and midline fundus indicates proper uterine contraction, and a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) is within the normal range for the postpartum period.
What assessment finding places a newborn at risk for developing physiologic jaundice?
- A. Cephalohematoma
- B. Mongolian spots
- C. Telangiectatic nevi
- D. Molding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Cephalohematoma. Physiologic jaundice in newborns can occur due to the breakdown of excess red blood cells. A cephalohematoma, a collection of blood caused by ruptured blood vessels between a cranial bone's surface and periosteal membrane, can lead to increased red blood cell breakdown. This increased breakdown can contribute to the development of physiologic jaundice in newborns. Choices B, Mongolian spots, and C, Telangiectatic nevi, are both benign skin conditions and are not directly associated with increased red blood cell breakdown. Choice D, Molding, refers to the shaping of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal and is not related to the development of physiologic jaundice.
In educating the parents of a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the nurse mentions that the child should avoid goitrogens. Which of the following will the nurse mention as an example?
- A. Orange
- B. Tomatoes
- C. Cabbage
- D. Grapes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen that should be avoided in children with hypothyroidism. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake, potentially worsening the condition. Cabbage, along with other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, contains compounds that can affect thyroid hormone production. Oranges, tomatoes, and grapes are not classified as goitrogens. Therefore, it is important for parents to be aware of foods like cabbage and to limit their child's intake to help manage their hypothyroidism effectively.