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In the UK, the Special Education Needs & Disability Act of 2001 extended the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated in mainstream schools. Schools are now required to draw up which of the following in order to facilitate the inclusion of pupils with intellectual disabilities and to make reasonable adjustments so that they are not disadvantaged?
- A. Inclusion strategies
- B. Facilitation strategies
- C. Accessibility strategies
- D. Availability strategies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Accessibility Strategies: Programmes extending rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated according to their needs in mainstream schools.
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What is a key consideration when treating a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Addressing the patient's weight first and foremost.
- B. Focusing on nutrition and caloric intake without addressing underlying issues.
- C. Addressing the psychological and emotional factors that contribute to the disorder.
- D. Providing strict dietary restrictions to help the patient regain control over food.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because addressing the psychological and emotional factors is crucial in treating anorexia nervosa. This disorder is not solely about weight or food intake; it often involves deeper psychological issues such as body image distortion, low self-esteem, and control issues. By focusing on the underlying psychological and emotional factors, therapists can help patients understand and cope with these issues, leading to more effective and sustainable recovery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they overlook the complexity of anorexia nervosa and may even exacerbate the patient's condition by neglecting the root causes of the disorder.
A patient reports, 'My brain is tapped. The government has implanted a device in my head.' What outcome would the nurse identify as being appropriate for the patient to achieve within 1 week of admission?
- A. Taking antipsychotic medication as prescribed without objection
- B. Giving coherent data to support beliefs that the brain is 'tapped'
- C. Interpreting reality correctly by stating no 'brain tap' has been implanted
- D. Reporting feeling less anxious about having the government listening to interior thoughts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects the goal of promoting reality testing and challenging the patient's delusional beliefs. By helping the patient interpret reality correctly and recognize that the implanted device is not real, the nurse can support the patient in overcoming their delusions and improving their mental health.
Choice A is incorrect as simply taking medication does not address the underlying delusional belief. Choice B is incorrect as it validates and reinforces the patient's delusion, which is not therapeutic. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the core issue of the patient's delusional belief and may not lead to long-term improvement in mental health.
Parkinson's disease results from the death of neurons that produce
- A. serotonin
- B. acetylcholine
- C. dopamine
- D. norepinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's involves dopamine neuron loss, leading to motor and cognitive symptoms.
The caregiver for a client with moderate to severe dementia tells the nurse, 'I'm exhausted. He wanders at night instead of sleeping, so I get no rest. I'm afraid to leave him during the day, so I have to take him to the grocery store and to the laundromat. When I'm busy there, he often wanders off. Still, I have to do it all.' The nurse recognizes the need to provide teaching for this caregiver. An appropriate outcome is that the caregiver will:
- A. Develop strategies to ensure the client's safety.
- B. Seek respite care to get a break.
- C. Join a support group for caregivers.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Develop strategies to ensure the client's safety. This is the most appropriate outcome as it directly addresses the caregiver's concerns of the client wandering and ensures their safety. By developing strategies such as installing door alarms, creating a safe sleeping environment, and establishing a routine, the caregiver can mitigate the risks associated with wandering behavior.
Summary:
- B: Seek respite care to get a break: While respite care is important for caregiver well-being, it does not directly address the safety concerns of the client wandering.
- C: Join a support group for caregivers: While support groups can be beneficial for emotional support, they may not provide immediate solutions to ensure the client's safety.
A 75-year-old patient comes to the clinic reporting frequent headaches. As the nurse begins the interaction, which action is most important?
- A. Complete a neurological assessment
- B. Determine whether the patient can hear as the nurse speaks
- C. Suggest that the patient lie down in a darkened room for a few minutes
- D. Administer medication to relieve the patient's pain before continuing the assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before proceeding with any further assessment, the nurse should assess the patients ability to hear questions. Impaired hearing could lead to inaccurate answers.