Nokea
In the United States, the second leading cause of neonatal mortality is __________, which is largely preventable.
- A. malnutrition
- B. physical abnormality
- C. low birth weight
- D. sudden infant death syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The second leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States is low birth weight, which is largely preventable through proper prenatal care, nutrition, and health interventions. Low birth weight infants are at higher risk for various health complications and mortality, making it an important issue to address in maternal and child health programs. Malnutrition (choice A) can contribute to low birth weight but is not the direct cause of neonatal mortality. Physical abnormality (choice B) can be a factor in some cases but is not the second leading cause overall. Sudden infant death syndrome (choice D) refers to unexplained deaths of seemingly healthy babies and is not related to low birth weight as a leading cause of neonatal mortality.
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Which statement about the Nurse-Family Partnership is true?
- A. It is an international program to reduce the risk of teratogens.
- B. One of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving.
- C. It is a series of childbirth classes offered at many U.S. hospitals.
- D. It provides family planning and genetic counseling to couples.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement that is true about the Nurse-Family Partnership is that one of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving. The program provides support and guidance to first-time mothers to help them develop their caregiving skills and promote healthy child development. Choice A is incorrect because the program focuses on promoting healthy child development and supporting mothers, not specifically reducing the risk of teratogens. Choice C is incorrect because the Nurse-Family Partnership is not a series of childbirth classes but a program that involves home visits and support. Choice D is incorrect because the program's main focus is on supporting mothers in caregiving and child development, not primarily on family planning and genetic counseling.
Like Piaget's theory, the information-processing approach __________.
- A. divides development into stages
- B. views development as discontinuous
- C. regards people as actively making sense of their own thinking
- D. has much to say about nonlinear cognition, such as imagination and creativity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'regards people as actively making sense of their own thinking.' The information-processing approach, similar to Piaget's theory, focuses on how individuals actively process information, encode it, store it, and retrieve it to understand the world around them. Choices A and B are incorrect because the information-processing approach does not necessarily divide development into stages or view development as discontinuous. Choice D is incorrect because the information-processing approach is more concerned with cognitive processes like encoding, storage, and retrieval, rather than nonlinear cognition such as imagination and creativity.
Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often __________.
- A. display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles
- B. cry less than those with no brain functioning problems
- C. spend about 20 percent of their total sleep time in REM sleep
- D. have very low or inaudible cries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles. This disruption in the sleep cycle can be a sign of neurological issues and can impact the newborn's overall health and development. Choice B is incorrect because infants with brain damage or birth trauma may actually cry more due to their discomfort or neurological issues. Choice C is incorrect because spending about 20 percent of total sleep time in REM sleep is not necessarily specific to brain-damaged or birth-traumatized infants. Choice D is incorrect because having very low or inaudible cries is not a common characteristic associated with brain damage or birth trauma in infants.
Katie wonders when she will first be able to hear her fetus's heartbeat through a stethoscope. You tell her that this should happen by the __________.
- A. fourth week of pregnancy
- B. third month of pregnancy
- C. end of the second trimester
- D. beginning of the third trimester
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the third month of pregnancy (choice B). During the third month of pregnancy, which is around 9-12 weeks, a fetal heartbeat can typically be heard using a stethoscope. This is an exciting milestone for expectant parents as it provides reassurance about the baby's well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because by the fourth week of pregnancy, the fetal heartbeat is not usually detectable with a stethoscope. The end of the second trimester and the beginning of the third trimester are too late in the pregnancy timeline for this milestone.
Unlike adults, newborn babies __________.
- A. have a limited sense of smell
- B. see nearby objects most clearly
- C. prefer unfamiliar voices to familiar ones
- D. see unclearly across a wide range of distances
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Unlike adults, newborn babies see nearby objects most clearly. This is due to the fact that newborns have a limited ability to focus their eyes on objects that are farther away. Their visual acuity is not fully developed at birth, leading to clearer vision of objects situated at a close distance. Choice A is incorrect because newborn babies have a well-developed sense of smell. Choice C is incorrect as newborns typically show a preference for familiar voices, such as their mother's voice. Choice D is incorrect as newborns do not see unclearly across a wide range of distances; rather, their vision is clearer for nearby objects.