Nokea
In which areas of the United States is the incidence of tuberculosis highest?
- A. Rural farming areas.
- B. Inner-city areas.
- C. Areas where clean water standards are low.
- D. Suburban areas with significant industrial pollution.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inner-city areas have higher tuberculosis incidence due to crowding, poverty, and limited healthcare access. Rural, low-water-standard, and suburban areas have lower rates.
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A client returned home from an overseas tour of duty and tells the nurse he is always tired. He has a temperature of 99.5°F (37.5°C). His skin is dark bronze, and his urine has a dark color. His hemoglobin level is 9 g/dL; his hematocrit is 49, and red blood cells are 2.75 million/µL. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Initiate an intake and output record.
- B. Place the client on bed rest.
- C. Place the client on contact isolation.
- D. Keep the client out of sunlight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client's symptoms (fatigue, bronze skin, dark urine, low hemoglobin, and RBC count) suggest hemolytic anemia, possibly due to an infectious or toxic exposure overseas. Placing the client on bed rest is the priority to reduce oxygen demand and prevent further hemolysis while diagnostic evaluation proceeds. Intake/output monitoring, isolation, and sunlight avoidance are not immediate priorities.
Before undergoing a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the client asks the nurse how the surgeon will close the incision made in the dura. The nurse should respond based on the knowledge that:
- A. Dissolvable sutures are used to close the dura.
- B. Nasal packing provides pressure until normal wound healing occurs.
- C. A patch is made with a piece of fascia.
- D. A synthetic mesh is placed to facilitate healing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fascial patch is commonly used to repair the dura during transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to prevent CSF leaks.
The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who has a sliding hiatal hernia associated with reflux. The nurse should ask the client about the presence of which of the following symptoms?
- A. Heartburn.
- B. Jaundice.
- C. Anorexia.
- D. Stomatitis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heartburn is a hallmark symptom of a sliding hiatal hernia with reflux, caused by stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus.
The sense of hearing is assessed using which standardized test?
- A. Taylor test
- B. Rinne test
- C. Babinski test
- D. APGAR test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Rinne test assesses hearing by comparing air and bone conduction using a tuning fork. The Taylor test is not a standard hearing test, the Babinski test evaluates neurological reflexes, and the APGAR test assesses newborn health.
A nurse is to administer 10 mg of morphine sulfate to a client with three fractured ribs. The available concentration for this drug is 15 mg/mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer? Round to one decimal point.
Correct Answer: 0.7 mL
Rationale: To calculate: 10 mg ÷ 15 mg/mL = 0.666€¦ mL, rounded to 0.7 mL.