Nokea
In which context are members of a cohort described when using the age-stratification theory to explain the effect of similar events, conditions, and circumstances?
- A. Historical
- B. Biological
- C. Sociological
- D. Chronological
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Historical. In age-stratification theory, cohort members are described in historical context to explain shared experiences. This theory emphasizes that individuals born around the same time experience similar events shaping their lives. Historical context is crucial as it considers the societal, cultural, and economic factors influencing a specific generation. Choice B, Biological, is incorrect as age-stratification theory focuses on social aspects rather than biological ones. Choice C, Sociological, is broad and doesn't specifically address the historical aspect of cohort description. Choice D, Chronological, is incorrect as it simply refers to the order of events without considering the historical backdrop of a cohort's experiences.
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What is the most effective intervention to prevent skin breakdown in immobile older adults?
- A. Frequent use of powder to keep skin dry
- B. Application of a thick layer of moisturizer
- C. Regular repositioning and use of pressure-relieving devices
- D. Ensuring complete bed rest to limit movement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because regular repositioning and the use of pressure-relieving devices are essential to prevent skin breakdown in immobile older adults. Repositioning helps redistribute pressure, maintaining blood flow to the skin and preventing tissue damage. Pressure-relieving devices such as cushions or special mattresses further reduce pressure on vulnerable areas. Choices A and B do not address the root cause of skin breakdown and may even exacerbate the issue. Choice D is incorrect as complete bed rest can lead to further complications like pressure ulcers. In summary, choice C is the most effective intervention as it directly targets the risk factors for skin breakdown in immobile older adults.
The nurse designs a group exercise program at a senior center. Which room should the nurse choose?
- A. Room with a hardwood floor and throw rugs
- B. Spacious room with no windows and a natural stone floor
- C. Room with a hardwood floor and large windows overlooking a garden area
- D. End room with linoleum floor and a fan for ventilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a room with hardwood floor and large windows overlooking a garden area offers a safe, non-slip surface for exercise and natural light for a pleasant environment. Hardwood floors are ideal for exercise to prevent slipping, and the large windows provide a view of the garden area, which can enhance motivation and mood. The other choices are incorrect because A has throw rugs, which can cause tripping hazards, B lacks natural light and ventilation, and D has a linoleum floor which may not be as safe for exercise compared to hardwood.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in older adults due to the increased risk of falls?
- A. Beta-blockers
- B. Benzodiazepines
- C. Statins
- D. Antihypertensives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion, increasing the risk of falls in older adults. They can also impair balance and coordination. Older adults are more sensitive to these effects due to age-related changes in metabolism and increased risk of cognitive impairment. Beta-blockers (A), statins (C), and antihypertensives (D) are generally safe in older adults and do not directly increase the risk of falls. Beta-blockers can sometimes cause dizziness but are more commonly associated with bradycardia. Statins are used to lower cholesterol levels and do not affect fall risk. Antihypertensives help lower blood pressure and can actually reduce the risk of falls by preventing conditions like orthostatic hypotension.
Which of the following issues in the care of older adults are identified in Healthy People 2020?
- A. Delineating nursing staffing levels in long term care
- B. Eradicating pressure ulcers in all care settings
- C. Identifying minimum levels of training for people who care for older adults
- D. Instituting mandatory training in identification of elder abuse for all caregivers of older adults
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Healthy People 2020 focuses on improving the health and well-being of all individuals, including older adults.
Step 2: Identifying minimum levels of training for people who care for older adults is crucial to ensure quality care.
Step 3: This issue aligns with the goal of promoting quality of care and safety for older adults.
Step 4: Other choices are not directly addressed in Healthy People 2020 goals.
Summary: Choice C is correct as it directly relates to improving the care of older adults, while the other choices focus on specific issues not highlighted in Healthy People 2020.
The term health disparity is defined as
- A. The systematic elimination of the culture of another resulting in decreased wellness.
- B. Differences in health outcomes among groups.
- C. The difference between an expected incidence and prevalence and that which actually occurs in a comparison population group.
- D. The existence of more than one group with differing values and perspective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because health disparity refers to variations in health outcomes among different groups due to factors such as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, etc. This definition accurately captures the essence of health disparity as it highlights the unequal distribution of health outcomes.
Choice A is incorrect because it refers to cultural elimination, which is not the definition of health disparity. Choice C is incorrect as it talks about differences in expected and actual incidence, not health outcomes among groups. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on values and perspectives rather than health outcomes.