Nokea
In which manner would the nurse examining a patient with pleurisy document a low-pitched grating lung sound?
- A. Sonorous wheeze
- B. Friction rub
- C. Coarse crackles
- D. Crackles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A low-pitched grating sound in the presence of an inflammatory disorder is a friction rub.
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The ___ are the structures of the lung in which gas exchange occurs.
Correct Answer: alveoli
Rationale: The end structures of the bronchial tree are called alveoli. It is in these terminal structures of the bronchial tree that gas exchange takes place.
Exposure to an asthma trigger can cause which aspect of asthma to occur next?
- A. Inflammatory process in the mast cells of the lungs
- B. Increase in edema and mucus production in the bronchioles
- C. Release of histamine
- D. Narrowing of the airways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The allergen activates the mast cells in the lungs, which release histamine, causing an increase in edema and mucus production that narrows the airways and causes the classic signs of asthma.
A problem for the patient with a new laryngectomy would be feelings of isolation due to being unable to communicate verbally. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?
- A. Complete care quickly.
- B. Provide a pad and pencil or magic slate.
- C. Refrain from conversations with the patient to reduce stress level.
- D. Offer books or jigsaw puzzles for entertainment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Provide patient with implements for communication. Rapidly completing care and provision of solitary activities does not reduce social isolation.
In which way do leukotriene modifiers reduce the symptoms of asthma?
- A. By drying up mucus
- B. By causing bronchodilation and anti-inflammation effects
- C. By suppressing cough
- D. By liquefying mucus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene modifiers reduce the symptoms of asthma by causing bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory processes.
Which event happens when there is a decrease in the oxygen level in the blood?
- A. Pituitary stimulates the respiratory system to increase respiratory rate.
- B. The alveoli diffuse more oxygen into the blood.
- C. Chemoreceptors in the carotid body and aortic body stimulate the respiratory centers to modify respiratory rates.
- D. The parietal pleura increases the negative pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies send a message to the respiratory centers to modify respirations.